孟子：李楼篇第19章、原文、翻訳、注釈

『孟子』は儒教の古典で、戦国時代中期に孟子とその弟子の万璋、公孫周らによって著された。『大学』『中庸』『論語』とともに「四書」と呼ばれ、四書の中で最も長く、最後の書である。清代末期まで科挙の必修科目であった。 『孟子』は全部で7章から成り、孟子と他の学派との論争、弟子への教え、君主への働きかけなどが記録されている。彼の教義の要点は、性善説と老人の保護と道徳的統治である。

『李楼商』は全部で28章から成っています。第 19 章では、親に仕えるということは、単に「親の体と口を養う」ということだけではなく、「親の心を養う」こと、つまり親を幸せにすることでもあると述べられています。

孟子『李楼』第1章第19節

【オリジナル】

Mencius said: "Of service, which is the greatest? Serving one's parents is the greatest; of protection, which is the greatest? Protecting oneself is the greatest. I have heard of those who can serve their parents without losing their own bodies; I have never heard of those who can serve their parents after losing their own bodies. Who does not serve? Serving one's parents is the root of service; who does not protect oneself? Protecting oneself is the root of protection. Zengzi raised Zeng1, and he would always have wine and meat; when he was about to finish it2, he would always ask for what he had; and when asked if there was any left, he would always say, "Yes." Zeng died, and Zeng Yuan raised Zengzi, and he would always have wine and meat; when he was about to finish it2, he would not ask for what he had; and when asked if there was any left, he would say, "No, it is gone" - he was about to return it. This is what is called nourishing the body and mouth. Being like Zengzi can be said to be nourishing the mind. Those who serve their parents like Zengzi are good."

【翻訳】

Mencius said: "Who is the most important to serve? Serving your parents is the most important. What is the most important to guard? Guarding your own conscience is the most important. I have heard of people who can serve their parents without losing their conscience, but I have never heard of people who can serve their parents after losing their conscience. You should do everything you can to serve, but serving your parents is the most important thing; you should do everything you can to guard, but guarding your own conscience is the most important thing. In the past, Zengzi took care of his father Zeng Xi, and there must be wine and meat at every meal. When the table was cleared, he would always ask who the rest was for. If Zeng Xi asked if there was any left, he would always answer: "There is some." Zeng Xi died, and Zeng Yuan took care of Zengzi, and there must be wine and meat. When the table was cleared, he would not ask who the rest was for. If Zeng Zi asked if there was any left, he would say: "There is none." Prepare the next meal and give it to Zeng Zi. This is called nourishment of the mouth and body. As for Zeng Zi, it can be called nourishment in accordance with the wishes of parents. If you can serve your parents like Zeng Zi, it is enough."

【注意事項】

（１）曾羲：孔子の弟子であり、曾子（曾深）の父。

(2)澈：「撤回する」と同じ。

（３）曾元：曾子の息子。