中国古典の鑑賞：孔子の論語第17章の原文：艾公が政を問う

Duke Ai asked Confucius about politics. Confucius replied: "The politics of civil and military officials are laid out in the plan. When the person is alive, the politics will be carried out. When the person is dead, the politics will cease. The way of heaven is sensitive to life, the way of man is sensitive to politics, and the way of earth is sensitive to trees. Politics is like a tree, waiting for transformation to be completed. Therefore, the key to politics is to get the right people, to get people with integrity, and to cultivate the way with benevolence. Benevolence is people, and loving one's relatives is the greatest; righteousness is appropriateness, and respecting the virtuous is the greatest. The killing of relatives and respecting the virtuous are the reasons for the birth of etiquette. Etiquette is the foundation of politics. Therefore, a gentleman cannot fail to cultivate himself. If he wants to cultivate himself, he cannot fail to serve his parents; if he wants to serve his parents, he cannot know people; if he wants to know people, he cannot know heaven. There are five great ways in the world, and there are three ways to practice them, namely, monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brothers, and friends. The five are the great ways in the world, and the three of wisdom, benevolence and courage are the great virtues in the world.

行う理由は同じです。 知識を持って生まれた人もいれば、学ぶ人もいれば、苦労して学ぶ人もいます。 知っているときは同じです。 気楽なときに行う人もいれば、利益のために行う人もいれば、大変な努力をして行う人もいます。 成功したときも同じです。 「公は言った、「あなたの言葉は美しくて深いですが、私は頑固すぎて理解できません。」 孔子は言った、「学問を愛することは知恵に近く、努力することは仁に近く、恥を知ることは勇気に近い。この3つを知っていれば、自分を修める方法を知ることができます。自分を修める方法を知れば、他人を治める方法を知り、他人を治める方法を知れば、世界と国を築くことができます。」 公は言った、「これで政治は終わりですか？」 孔子は言った、「世界と国を治めるための9つの経典があります。それは、自分を修め、徳を重んじ、親族を愛し、民を尊重することです。 「自分自身を栽培するなら、道は立っています。あなたはあなたの親relativeを愛しているなら、あなたの父親と兄弟は文句を言いません。あなたが牧師を尊重することはありませんあなたが王子を愛しているなら、「私は何をすべきか」と尋ねました。彼らに高い地位を与え、彼らに牧師を尊重する方法が忠実で忠実であることが学者を励ます方法です。トリビュートライトは、人々を毎月統治し、食料供給を確実にすることです。敬意を表することは、王子の心を獲得することです、あなたは貧しい立場に勝つことはありません。誠実さは、誠実さについては明確ではありません私はどこから来るかを尋ねる。」 「これを聞いたので、私はそれを実践することができず、罰せられることを恐れています。」

Zai Wo asked Confucius, "I have heard of the names of ghosts and gods, but I do not know what they are. I dare to ask." Confucius said, "Human beings have breath and soul. Breath is the prosperity of human beings. When one is alive, he must die. When he dies, he must return to the earth. This is called ghosts. When the soul and breath return to heaven, this is called gods. To combine ghosts and gods and enjoy them is the ultimate teaching. Bone and flesh decay below and turn into wild soil. Its breath rises above. This is the manifestation of gods. The sages took the essence of things and made them the ultimate. They clearly defined ghosts and gods as a model for the people. However, they still felt that this was not enough. Therefore, they built palaces and established ancestral temples. They held spring and autumn sacrifices to distinguish between relatives and strangers. They taught the people to return to the ancients and not to forget where they were born. From then on, the people obeyed and listened quickly. They taught the two principles. After the two principles were established, they responded with the two rituals, established court affairs, burned roasted onions, and so on.これは、紳士の間での栄養と敬意を払うことを教えてくれます。死んでいるのは、死の記念日に生きていることを望んでいます。 「犠牲の翌日、朝起きて眠れません。心に2人の人がいます。敬意を払い、彼らについても考えます。犠牲の日、私は幸せで半分悲しいです。