有名な哲学書『荘子』外篇：秋水（５）原文と方言訳

『荘子』は『南華経』とも呼ばれ、戦国時代後期に荘子とその弟子たちが著した道教の教義をまとめた書物です。道教の古典であり、『老子』『周易』とともに「三奥義」として知られています。 『荘子』は荘子の批判哲学、芸術、美学、審美観を主に反映しており、その内容は哲学、生活、政治、社会、芸術、宇宙論など多くの側面を包含し、豊かで奥深いものである。 『荘子』は有名な哲学作品であるだけでなく、文学と美学における寓話的傑作のモデルでもあります。次回のInteresting History編集長が詳しく紹介しますので、ぜひ読み進めてください。

「秋水」は『荘子外篇』から抜粋したもので、その主なテーマは、人々が外界の物事をいかに理解すべきかを論じたものである。全篇は2つの部分から構成されている。

荘子・外篇・秋水（５）

孔子が広安を旅していたとき、宋の民は何度も孔子を取り囲み、音楽と歌は止むことがなかった。 Zilu came in and asked, "What is the Master's amusement?" Confucius said, "Come, I will tell you. I have been avoiding poverty for a long time, but I cannot avoid it. It is fate. I have been seeking to be well-off for a long time, but I cannot get it. It is time. During the time of Yao and Shun, there were no poor people in the world. It was not because I knew how to gain. During the time of Jie and Zhou, there were no well-off people in the world. It was not because I knew how to lose. It was just the right time. He who does not avoid dragons when walking on water is the courage of a fisherman; he who does not avoid rhinoceros and tigers when walking on land is the courage of a hunter; he who regards death as life when facing a sharp blade is the courage of a martyr; he who knows that poverty is determined by fate and that well-off is determined by time, and who is not afraid when facing great difficulties is the courage of a sage. You, it is settled! My fate is controlled by me!"

やがて将軍は進み出て、「我々は彼を楊虎だと思い、包囲した。しかし今は違うので、お許しをいただき撤退してください」と言った。

方言翻訳

孔子が広安へ旅したとき、宋の民は彼を取り囲みましたが、孔子はピアノを弾き、朗読を続けました。 Zilu went inside and saw Confucius and asked, "Why are you so happy, sir?" Confucius said, "Come, I will tell you! I have been in trouble for a long time, but I can never get rid of it. This is fate. I have been seeking success for a long time, but I can never achieve it. This is luck. In the era of Yao and Shun, there was no one in trouble, not because they were all talented; in the era of Jie and Zhou, there was no one who was successful, not because they were all stupid. This is all caused by luck. He who moves in the water without avoiding dragons is the courage of fishermen; he who moves on land without avoiding rhinoceroses and tigers is the courage of hunters; he who looks at death as if he were alive when swords are crossed in front of him is the courage of heroes. He who understands that hardship is destined by fate, that success is caused by luck, and that he who is not afraid of great difficulties is the courage of saints. Zhongyou, you should just stay calm! I am destined to be controlled!"

しばらくして、兵士を率いる将軍がやって来て、深く謝罪した。「皆はあなたを楊虎だと思い、あなたを取り囲みました。あなたが楊虎ではないことが分かったので、どうかお詫びして軍隊を撤退させてください。」