不管你的听众人数是多是少,你做的准备工作会直接影响你的信心,最终决定演讲的成败。手中有演讲提纲的话,演讲的时候听起来会很自然。演讲提纲包括开头,主要内容和结尾,每个部分的重要内容要分点列明。
步骤
方法 1 的 3:
开头提纲
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1
向听众介绍自己。如果之前有人介绍过你了,先向她们表示感谢。把这一条列在提纲里,免得自己忘记。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
2
决定如何吸引听众的注意力。你的演讲可以由故事,笑话,名言或是令人震惊的数据资料开头,这些东西要跟你的话题密切相关。
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3
确立演讲话题,让听众知道你要讲什么。
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4
写上你在演讲中要传递的主要或特别的信息。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/16\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/16\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-5.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
5
列出支撑每个论点的论据。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-6.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
6
给听众提供必要的背景知识或专业定义。比如说你讲的话题关于国家住房制度,首先要提一下相关的法律和机构。
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7开头不要太具体,把自己的观点放在文章主要部分讲。
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方法 2 的 3:
主要内容提纲
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1
每个观点列出至少三条论据。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
2
提供信息来源。引用书籍,研究数据和演讲话题相关的专家论述。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/19\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-10.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
3
提出反面观点。确保提到你并不赞同的反面观点。用提纲列明它不成立的理由。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/75\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
4
分享轶事或举例。如果你谈的是住房政策不奏效的原因,可以讲一下流离失所,买不起房子的人的故事。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/53\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/53\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
5
号召行动。你演讲的目的可能是娱乐大众,提供信息,教育听众或是倡导行动。告诉观众你希望他们做些什么。
方法 3 的 3:
结尾提纲
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1
选用过渡词或短语。很多人演讲的时候会说:“总而言之”或者“总结一下”。
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2
重述你的主旨,论点或是要传达的信息。
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3
重提主要论据,简单明了。结尾应该用来加固听众对你讲过内容的印象。
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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d2\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-16.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-16.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d2\/Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-16.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-Speech-Outline-Step-16.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
4
感谢听众听你的演讲,同时感谢主办方对你的邀请。
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5
如果你的演讲有问答环节的话,邀请听众提问。在演讲之前要跟主办方或主持人提前商量好,以做好充分准备。
小提示
- 确保你写的提纲方便阅读。如果你准备把它放在面前,用大一点的字体和分点标记,或者在提纲里写上演讲的要点。
警告
- 不要强记演讲的内容,或者在现场不看笔记即兴发挥。演讲提纲能让你准备更加充分,避免忘记要讲的内容。