怎么不用染色剂把布料染成黑色

你可以用天然染料给衣服增添颜色。虽然它们不如人造化学剂或染色剂容易上色，尤其是要染出黑色最难，但只要有一些耐心和实验精神，这还是可以做到的。你可以使用后院收集到的橡子或鸢尾根，不过最重要的是先用自制固色剂来浸泡布料。现在就可以找出家里的旧T恤开始动手了！

步骤

使用铁和橡子

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-1.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 将2把生锈的物体和1杯（240毫升）醋倒入一个玻璃罐。使用容易生锈的铁制品，比如铁钉、螺丝钉、钢丝绒或螺栓。生锈面积越大，染色效果越好。^[1]
   • 如果没有玻璃罐，可以用其它带盖子的大号玻璃容器。
   • 如果家里没有生锈的物体，你可以在网上购买铁粉。直接将铁粉混入醋里面就行了。

   自制生锈的铁钉

   将铁钉装在一个容器或碗，用白醋浸泡5分钟。倒掉白醋，倒入双氧水。你也可以撒少许海盐，促进生锈的速率。把铁钉取出来晾干。你会发现它们马上就开始生锈了。

2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 往玻璃罐里加水，直到四分之三满，然后密封起来。确保生锈的物体彻底被没过，充分浸泡在液体中。拧紧盖子，防止液体蒸发。^[2]
   • 水温不重要，冷水、温水或热水都可以。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 将玻璃罐放在太阳底下晒1-2周，直到液体变成橙色。最好选择被阳光直接照射和非常温热的地方。铁锈和醋发生的反应会导致水醋混合液变成铜色。^[3]
   • 适合放置玻璃罐的地方包括露天阳台、车道或窗台。
   • 产生的橙色液体被称为铁媒染剂。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 将橡子和水倒入一个大锅。每450克衣服使用约2公斤橡果。举个例子，如果你有230克衣服要染色，那就用1公斤橡果。添加足够的水，没过衣服和橡子。^[4] .
   • 你可以在长着橡树的林地收集橡子，或者在网上订购。
   • 用食物秤或普通秤测量橡子的重量。
   • 使用不锈钢或玻璃制成的锅。铜锅或铝锅会和染料发生反应。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-5.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 用文火慢慢熬煮橡子1-2小时。开中小火加热锅，偶尔搅拌橡子。这样慢慢熬煮能从橡子中提取出天然颜色。^[5]
   • 文火熬煮的温度通常介于91-99摄氏度，比用大火烧开产生的泡泡小，而且速度更慢。^[6]
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/db\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/db\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-6.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 浸湿布料，拧干多余水分。将布料浸在水中，或是打开水龙头冲一冲。彻底拧干水分，确保布料潮湿，但不至于滴水。^[7]
   • 预先打湿布料可以防止染色不均，让染料均匀分布在整个布料。

   适合染色的布料

   材质：羊毛、丝绸和平纹细布等天然纤维最容易吸收染料。棉和合成纤维无法很好地染色。

   颜色：浅色布料最适合染色。选择白色、奶油色或非常淡的色彩。

   其它：如果布料上有非涤纶线或刺绣，必须在上面涂蜡，以保持它们原本的颜色。

7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 7 将布料放入装着橡子的锅，浸泡20-45分钟。你可能需要调低火候，以维持稳定的小火熬煮状态，不要让水沸腾。偶尔搅动锅里的布料，确保染色均匀。^[8]
   • 如果要染毛织物，过度搅动会导致毡化。^[9]
8. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/69\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/69\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 8 在另一个锅倒入铁锈溶液和水。待会要将染过色的衣服浸在这里，所以水量必须能彻底没过布料。^[10]
   • 你可以趁布料还在染液中慢火熬煮时进行这一步。
9. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 9 取出布料，放入装着铁锈水的锅中浸泡10分钟。用一个大勺轻轻搅动布料，确保染色均匀。铁和染料会发生反应，使布料上的颜色加深和凝固。^[11]
   • 用不锈钢制成的勺子搅动布料。木勺会被染料永久染色。
10. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-10.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 10 将布料交替浸泡在橡子染料和铁锈水中，以加深颜色。10分钟后，如果你不满意染色效果，可以将布料放回橡子染料中再浸泡5分钟。然后再放回铁锈水中，浸泡5分钟。^[12]
    • 如此交替，直到颜色变得足够深。
11. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 11 拧干液体，将布料晾干1小时再清洗。将布料挂在屋外阳光明媚的地方，或是挂在洗衣房里的晾衣架上。在清洗布料之前，先给染料一些时间凝固。^[13]
    • 在布料底下铺一张旧床单或罩单，防止滴落的染料弄脏地毯或附近的布料。
12. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 12 用冷水和肥皂清洗布料，清除多余的染料。查看布料上的护理指示。如果可以机洗，那就放进洗衣机，倒入温和的衣服洗涤剂，调到冷水设置。不能机洗的衣服要用手洗。^[14]
    • 如果你用手洗，当流过衣服的水恢复清澈，不再带有颜色，就表示衣服上已经没有残留的染料了。
    • 如果用洗衣机洗，一定要单独洗，以免其它衣服被染色。

使用鸢尾根

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-13.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-13.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-13.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-13.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 往锅里倒入醋和水，比例为1:4，然后放入布料。醋水混合液作为固色剂，将染料固定在布料上。使用充足的水，以彻底没过布料。^[15]
   • 每使用1杯（240毫升）醋，就得添加4杯（960毫升）水。
   • 白醋对染色最有用。
   • 浅色的天然纤维最容易吸收染料，比如浅色丝绸或白色平纹细布。不要使用深色或合成纤维。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/62\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-14.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-14.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/62\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-14.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-14.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 用文火熬煮混合液1小时，偶尔搅动。开小火，将醋水溶液煮到将近沸腾。用勺子搅动布料，好让液体渗入布料的每一处。^[16]
   • 醋的沸点略高于水，所以需要加热更长时间。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-15.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-15.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-15.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-15.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 从锅里取出布料，用冷水冲洗。文火熬煮1小时后，就可以开始染色了。将布料放在水槽里，打开冷水冲洗1-2分钟，冲掉少许醋。^[17]
   • 你也可以将布料浸入装有冷水的盆里。
   • 不用担心布料带有强烈醋味。染色后清洗一番，就能消除醋味。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-16.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-16.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/94\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-16.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-16.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 将鸢尾根和水倒入另一个锅里，比例为1:2。确保锅里的水足够没过衣服。举个例子，如果使用2杯（470毫升）鸢尾根，那就得倒入4杯（950毫升）水。^[18]
   • 染料有毒，最好使用不会再用来烹饪的锅。
   • 你可以在苗圃或网上购买鸢尾根。
   • 鸢尾根可以整根浸泡，或是根据锅的尺寸切成小块。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-17.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-17.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/06\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-17.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-17.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 将湿布料放入染料中，文火熬煮1小时。开小火将染料加热到快要沸腾。不时搅动布料，确保它被水彻底没过，染色均匀。^[19]
   • 锅底最热，所以底下的染料最浓。搅动时把布料翻面，以免两面颜色不均。^[20]
   • 如果你要用手来搅动染料里的布，记得戴上橡胶手套保护双手。
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-18.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-18.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-18.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-18.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 如果想染出深一些的颜色，可以让布料浸泡过夜。布料在染料中浸泡越久，染出来的颜色越深。尤其是不容易染色的合成纤维，更是需要泡久一点。^[21]
   • 记住，布料变干后，颜色会稍微变浅。^[22]
   • 染料有毒，静置过夜时记得盖上锅盖，或是放在小孩和宠物够不到的地方。
7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-19.jpg\/v4-460px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-19.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-19.jpg\/v4-728px-Dye-Clothing-Black-Without-Dye-Step-19.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 7 用冷水和洗涤剂清洗布料，然后晾干。查看布料上的标签，看看是否可以机洗或用烘干机烘干。如果没有护理标签，为了安全起见，最好还是用冷水和温和的肥皂手洗。然后放入烘干机烘干，或是挂在屋外晾干。^[23]

   清洗提示：刚染色的布料不能和其它衣服一起洗，否则后者会被它染色。

你需要准备

使用铁和橡子

• 布料
• 2把生锈的物品
• 1杯（240毫升）白醋
• 水
• 橡子
• 带盖子的大号玻璃罐
• 2个大锅
• 勺子
• 晾衣绳或晾衣架
• 洗衣精（可选）

使用鸢尾根

• 布料
• 鸢尾根
• 醋
• 水
• 2个大锅
• 勺子
• 晾衣绳或晾衣架
• 洗衣机（可选）

警告

• 装过染料的锅不得再用来烹饪，以免引起中毒。
• 如果不小心摄入染料，立即去看医生或前往急诊室。
• 如果皮肤敏感，处理染料时要戴上橡胶手套。
• 蹭到染料的其它布料也会被永久染色，记得换上旧衣服，或是铺一张罩单。