痛风是炎症性关节炎的一种常见疾病,它是因为过量尿酸在关节堆积而引起的。它是男性中最常见的炎症性关节炎。痛风伴随症状(包括疼痛,关节肿胀和痛风石)的治疗是一个长期的战斗,但如果方法正确也是可以战胜的。来看看下文的一些小建议和小技巧吧。
步骤
方法 1 的 4:
痛风的诊断及加重因素
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1
了解痛风的症状。尿酸过多聚积会导致痛风,痛风的症状在病人间有显著的个体差异,包括慢性痛风的发展而不仅仅是孤立的疾病。但总的来说,痛风的症状包括:
- 四肢关节红、肿、热、痛,通常出现在大脚趾的关节,也可以发展到脚踝和膝盖。[1]
- 夜间疼痛,多无法忍受。
- 受累关节周围皮肤脱皮或发痒。
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2
知道痛风的治疗目标。痛风有很多副作用和症状。痛风的治疗通常涉及治疗疾病不同方面的症状和副作用:
- 消除急性发作的疼痛。
- 预防复发。
- 抑制痛风石(尿酸盐结晶在软组织沉积)的形成。
- 抑制肾结石的增长。
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3
知道痛风的病因和加重因素。一分预防胜过十分治疗。痛风可以被很多原因诱发或加重:
- 痛风的诱发因素:[2]
- 痛风的加重因素[2]
:
- 肥胖和体重增加
- 饮酒
- 血压高(高血压病)
- 高果糖的玉米糖浆
- 某些药物
方法 2 的 4:
治疗痛风发作
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1
了解痛风性关节炎初始治疗。如果你怀疑自己有关节发红、肿胀和痛风发作的毛病,当痛风发作限制你行动时,和医生谈谈以下疗法。医生会列出你可以做的运动清单和你的药物清单。
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2
休息痛风影响的四肢关节。这样可以减少关节疼痛和炎症反应。
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3
用一种NSAID药物,不要用阿司匹林。NSAID代表非甾体类抗炎药,它是普通的家庭处方,如布洛芬,萘普生或吲哚美辛。
- 尽管阿司匹林也是一种非甾体抗炎药,但是痛风发作时最好不要用阿司匹林,因为阿司匹林会使尿酸水平快速变化从而加重症状。
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4
用一种叫秋水仙碱的药。秋水仙碱是一种片剂,它可以阻止尿酸结晶导致的炎症。[3]
对于那些不能服用非甾体抗炎药的病人,秋水仙碱有利于减轻痛风引起的疼痛。一些证据表明,服用秋水仙碱可能降低以后痛风发作的可能性。[3]
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5
用糖皮质激素治疗痛风。糖皮质激素可以减轻痛风相关的很多症状,如疼痛,红肿。[4]
糖皮质激素的使用指征:
- 单一关节痛风
- 非甾体抗炎药没有效果的痛风
- 基础疾病导致你不能服用秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药,如萘普生
方法 3 的 4:
长期并发症的管理
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1
开始服用降低血液尿酸水平的药物。看医生,拿一些降尿酸的药物。这些药物包括:
- 排尿酸药。排尿酸药基本上使肾脏做更多的工作,从而帮助排出多余的尿酸。[5]
排尿酸药的有效率达75%。
- 黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。这类药物抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的形成。[6]
黄嘌呤氧化酶帮助尿酸在体内堆积。
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2
注意你的体重,多多锻炼。锻炼会帮助你减肥,也可以治疗关节炎带来的疼痛。每天锻炼30分钟,你就会看到改善。轻装步行,有氧运动或力量训练可以帮助你做痛风的长期护理。
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3
注意你喝的东西。饮料,尤其是啤酒,阻止尿酸释放入尿液,导致尿酸聚积在身体里。而且是啤酒含有很多嘌呤,它最终会被分解为尿酸。
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4
和医生谈谈你现在的用药情况。你正在服用的某些药物有可能干扰痛风的治疗药物,另外影响你体内产生的尿酸量。和医生交流一下你可能遇到的不良的药物相互作用。
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5
保护关节。避免关节损伤和加剧损伤关节的重复动作。在较软的路面(人工路面或沙子)上走路和跑步,尽量不要在混凝土路上走或跑。
方法 4 的 4:
饮食疗法
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1
避免引起痛风的高风险食物。使痛风恶化的食物都含有嘌呤。嘌呤可以提高体内尿酸水平,导致关节疼痛和炎症。高嘌呤食物包括:
- 动物内脏如肝、肾、胰、脑
- 肉类,尤其是红肉,如腊肉、牛肉、羊肉以及其他野生肉类
- 凤尾鱼、沙丁鱼、扇贝、鲭鱼和鲱鱼
- 肉汁
- 啤酒
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2
限制中嘌呤食物摄入。应谨慎、适量食用的食物包括:
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3
多吃低嘌呤食物。可以吃以下食物,而不用担心尿酸堆积:
- 绿叶蔬菜
- 水果和果汁
- 加工面包(非全麦)和谷类食品
- 巧克力和可可
- 黄油,牛奶,鸡蛋和奶酪
- 饮料如咖啡,茶和碳酸汽水
- 坚果和什锦坚果黄油
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4
吃一些有可能帮助改善痛风的药物。低嘌呤食物不会改善痛风。(当然也不会加重)以下食物可以真正帮助你远离痛风症状:
小提示
- 高钾食物可以减轻痛风发作时的症状。
- 痛风发作时不要服用阿司匹林。用低剂量的非处方药,如用布洛芬或萘普生钠代替。
- 浏览关节炎基金会网站找一些有用信息: http://www.arthritis.org/
警告
- 复发性急性痛风发作会导致关节退化,称为痛风性关节炎。
- 痛风与肾结石风险增加相关。