肺结核皮试又称为孟陀氏结核菌素之皮下测试法。这项测试可以检测你的免疫系统对结核分枝杆菌的抵抗力。测试结束后的几天内,医生会向你介绍测试结果。如果你也想看懂肺结核皮试的结果,那就不要错过这篇文章。此外,务必记住:皮试必须由专业人员进行操作。尽管你也可以看明白皮试结果,但是最终的病情结果还需要由医生来诊定,这样医生才能有针对性地对你进行治疗。[1]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
步骤
部分 1
部分 1 的 2:
看懂皮试结果
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1
找医生做肺结核皮试。医生会对你的前臂内侧注射结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物,注射的位置周围会有直径为6到10毫米的红肿区域,几小时后便会自行消退。[2]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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3
复诊。在48到72小时内,测试结果才有效,如果超过72小时,那么结果就无效了,你得重新进行皮试。[5]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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4
找到并标记硬结。用手指在胳膊上找到硬结。它是一块有明显边界的,硬的、紧致的突起区域。找到了之后,用笔标出它最长的直径。[6]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
这块硬结就是皮试的最终结果,也是最重要的结果。红肿不会影响硬结大小。
你可能看不到硬结,所以你必须用手指摸一摸它的位置和大小。[7]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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5
测量硬结。皮试的区域可能是红色的,但这并不意味着你得了结核病。你需要测量它的大小才能作出判断。胳膊上的硬结大小应该只有几毫米。[8]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
使用有毫米刻度的尺子进行测量。将“0”刻度与之前标记过的突起部位的左侧边缘对齐,然后看它的右边缘落在尺子的哪一个刻度上。[9]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
经常接触高风险成年人群中的儿童和青少年[11]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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3
其他人群身上的大直径硬结。除了高风险和中等风险人群以外,硬结直径超过15mm属于阳性。实际上,不管是否是高危人群,直径超过15mm都是阳性表现。如果已经出现水疱,就算只有一点肿大,那么结果也呈现阳性。[12]X
可靠来源
PubMed Central
前往来源
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4
阴性结果。如果没有硬结,那么皮试结果就是阴性。[13]X研究来源如果只有轻度红肿,但是没有明显的硬块,证明皮试结果是阴性的。[14]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源