怎么缓解耳朵堵塞

耳朵有堵塞感就像耳内有一股压力一样，可能还伴随着疼痛、头晕、耳鸣和轻微听力下降等症状。^[1] 感冒、过敏或鼻窦感染都有可能造成这种情况发生。飞行、水肺潜水或海拔高度变化太快，也会导致耳内压力增大。缓解耳内压力、治疗潜在病因或去除耳垢，就能缓解这股堵塞感。耳朵堵塞让人很不舒服，但只要采取正确的步骤，就能缓解这种情况。

步骤

迅速缓解耳朵堵塞

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-1-Version-13.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-1-Version-13.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-1-Version-13.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-1-Version-13.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 通过吞咽打开耳咽管。吞咽会促使控制耳咽管的肌肉收缩，进而打开耳咽管。当它们重新打开时，你很可能会听到咔嗒声。^[2]
   • 吮吸一块糖果有助于吞咽。^[3]
   • 如果带着宝宝搭飞机，可以用奶嘴或奶瓶帮助他们做出吞咽动作。^[4]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-2-Version-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-2-Version-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-2-Version-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-2-Version-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 打哈欠。打哈欠和吞咽一样，会让控制耳咽管的肌肉收缩，促使耳咽管迅速打开。打哈欠比吞咽有效，但是一些人觉得强迫自己打哈欠比吞咽难。^[5]
   • 如果你在搭飞机时会出现耳朵堵塞的情况，试着在飞机升降时打哈欠。^[6]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-3-Version-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-3-Version-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-3-Version-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-3-Version-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 嚼口香糖。口香糖也能让肌肉收缩，打开耳咽管。一直嚼到耳朵听到咔嗒声。^[7]
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b3\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-4-Version-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-4-Version-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b3\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-4-Version-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-4-Version-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 用鼻子缓缓呼气。深呼吸。保持嘴巴紧闭，捏着鼻子直到鼻孔几乎关闭。然后用鼻子慢慢地用力呼气。听到咔嗒声就表示你成功了。^[8]
   • 这个方法不是对所有人都有用。试了一两次都失败的话，最好换别的方法。
   • 搭飞机时，在飞机升降期间这么做能避免耳朵堵塞。^[9]
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-5-Version-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-5-Version-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a9\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-5-Version-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-5-Version-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 用洗鼻壶疏通鼻窦。你可以用洗鼻壶冲洗鼻窦，缓解包括鼻塞在内的鼻窦症状。在洗鼻壶中装满无菌溶液或蒸馏水。头部倾斜45度，将壶嘴对准上面的鼻孔。慢慢倒入溶液，让它从底下的鼻孔流出来。^[10]
   • 擤鼻子，然后换另一侧鼻孔重复上面的步骤。
   • 这样可以稀释和冲走鼻腔里的鼻涕和其它刺激物。
   • 仔细遵循洗鼻壶的使用指示，以免不小心吸入水。
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/75\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-6-Version-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-6-Version-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-6-Version-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-6-Version-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 通过吸入蒸汽打开鼻腔。将沸水倒入一个大碗，然后用毛巾盖着头。伏在碗上，用鼻子慢慢呼吸，让蒸汽稀释和松开鼻涕。把积聚的鼻涕吐出来。^[11]
   • 你可以在沸水中放入茶或其它药草。有些茶具有抗炎和抗菌作用，有助于加强蒸汽治疗的效果。
   • 热水澡、桑拿浴和加湿器也有帮助。
   • 这种方式产生的蒸汽有时候会太烫，不要将冒着蒸汽的东西放在耳朵附近。
   • 不要太靠近蒸汽，否则脸可能被烫伤。

治疗耳朵堵塞

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/08\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-7-Version-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-7-Version-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/08\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-7-Version-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-7-Version-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 如果你感冒、过敏或鼻窦受感染，服用非处方鼻腔减充血剂。由于耳咽管连接耳朵后方的鼻咽部到中耳，所以耳朵堵塞往往是鼻窦堵塞造成的。减充血剂缓解鼻窦堵塞，进而帮助疏通耳朵。^[12]
   • 你可以在药房买到非处方鼻腔减充血剂。有些产品可能没摆在柜台里，需要询问才会拿给你，但是不需要处方。
   • 除非医生另有指示，否则3天后就要停用减充血剂。
   • 使用减充血剂之前，最好先问过医生，尤其是如果你目前有服用其它药物，或者患有高血压、青光眼或前列腺问题。不可以给儿童使用减充血剂。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-8-Version-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-8-Version-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-8-Version-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-8-Version-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 使用外用鼻内类固醇喷剂。它们可以缓解鼻腔内部肿胀，进而减轻鼻子和耳朵堵塞。
   • 在未咨询医生的情况下，不得擅自使用类固醇。
   • 有非处方和处方鼻内类固醇喷剂。
   • 它们对过敏患者尤其有用。^[13]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8f\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-9-Version-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-9-Version-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8f\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-9-Version-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-9-Version-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 如果你有过敏，服用抗组胺剂。过敏不加以治疗的话，会刺激鼻窦，引发鼻塞，进而造成耳朵堵塞。市面上有好几种非处方抗组胺剂，包括西替利嗪（Zyrtec）、氯雷他定（Claritin）、非索非那定（Allegra）。^[14]
   • 服用抗组胺剂之前，或者如果非处方抗组胺剂对你没有用，一定要咨询医生。
   • 搭飞机前1小时服用抗组胺剂，可以帮助避免耳内压力过大。^[15]
   • 用药之前，一定要查看随药物附上的所有指示和注意事项。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/52\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-10-Version-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-10-Version-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/52\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-10-Version-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-10-Version-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 如果耳朵严重或持续疼痛，一定要去看医生。耳朵在你自我治疗后的几个小时内应该会感觉舒服多了。如果情况没有好转，就要就医检查。耳朵堵塞不好好治疗的话，可能会造成耳朵损伤。另外，你也可能是受感染了。^[16]
   • 如果你发烧或者耳内有任何分泌物，一定要立刻就医。
   • 服完医生开的所有药物，尤其是抗生素。否则，症状可能会复发。
   • 医生或许会给你用滴耳剂止痛。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-11-Version-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-11-Version-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-11-Version-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-11-Version-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 如果耳朵经常堵塞，不妨向医生咨询通气管置入。医生可以置入通气管排出耳内积液，缓解耳内压力。这种方法多用在经常耳朵堵塞的病人上。^[17]
   • 这种治疗方法最常用在经常耳朵堵塞的儿童，以减少感染的发生率，让他们在更舒服的状态下康复。^[18]

清理耳垢

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-12-Version-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-12-Version-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-12-Version-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-12-Version-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 把头歪向一侧。受影响的耳朵应该朝上，另一侧耳朵则朝下。你可以躺着或者头靠着软垫，让自己更舒服一些。^[19]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-13-Version-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-13-Version-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-13-Version-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-13-Version-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 将2到3滴水、盐水或双氧水滴入耳朵。最好使用滴管，以免滴入过多。不管哪一种液体都能起作用，不过盐水和双氧水是无菌的，即使滞留在耳朵里，也不太可能引起感染。^[20]
   • 如果耳朵已经受感染或者鼓膜穿孔，不要将任何液体滴入耳朵。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-14-Version-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-14-Version-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-14-Version-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-14-Version-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 至少等待1分钟，让液体往下流进耳朵里面。重力会让液体往下流，软化里面的耳垢。整个过程只需要一分钟左右。^[21]
   • 等待时间不要超过几分钟，以免液体流到耳朵深处。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/48\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-15-Version-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-15-Version-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/48\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-15-Version-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-15-Version-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 把头歪向另一侧，好让耳垢排出来。松脱的耳垢会开始在重力的帮助下排出来。你可以在耳朵下面放一条毛巾接住它。
   • 如果你是躺着的，这时候只需要翻个身。
   • 你也可以用球形注射器吸出松脱的耳垢。^[22]
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-16-Version-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-16-Version-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-16-Version-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Relieve-Ear-Congestion-Step-16-Version-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 如果耳朵还是堵塞，建议去看医生。医生可以检查耳朵，确认这只是耳垢问题，必要时也可以用更精确的方法来去除耳垢。
   • 如果你曾经用棉签等物体去除耳垢，很可能不小心把它压得更紧实。医生可以帮你解决这个问题。^[23]

小提示

• 除非问过医生，否则不要给幼童使用非处方药。儿童的耳朵更容易受感染，一出现症状就要去看医生，因为他们可能需要更精确严格的治疗方案。
• 在未咨询医生的情况下，不要服用抗组胺剂或减充血剂超过1周。
• 感冒或鼻窦感染期间，不要搭飞机或进行水肺潜水。
• 搭飞机的时候，戴上防噪耳塞有助于预防耳朵堵塞。^[24]