怎么培养英语的熟练度

学会一门外语不是件简单的事，熟练一门外语更有挑战性。不过只要采取恰当的学习方式并勤加练习，你就可以熟练地掌握外语。这需要决心和努力。

步骤

习惯英语

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/de\/Do-Better-on-the-SAT-Step-4-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Do-Better-on-the-SAT-Step-4-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/de\/Do-Better-on-the-SAT-Step-4-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Do-Better-on-the-SAT-Step-4-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 上课。如果你是初学者，一开始先要参加英语课程。合格的老师能帮助你了解英语的基础知识和思维方式。
   • 假如不能参加实体课程，可以参加网上语言学习班。^[1]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Become-an-Astronomer-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Become-an-Astronomer-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Become-an-Astronomer-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Become-an-Astronomer-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 买一本翻译词典。需要有中英和英中的双语解释。这在你前期掌握英语词汇的阶段起到很大帮助。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Become-a-Tutor-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Become-a-Tutor-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Become-a-Tutor-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Become-a-Tutor-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 拓展词汇量。对英语的基础知识和思维方式有了了解之后，应该花时间拓展词汇量。^[2] 可以使用识记卡片。
   • 当你掌握了日常词汇，想要学一些高级词汇，可以使用GRE（美国研究生入学考试）单词的识记卡片。
   • 阅读英语文章和书籍，圈出不熟悉的词汇，查出它们的意思，努力添加到自己的词汇库中。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Become-an-Autodidact-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Become-an-Autodidact-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Become-an-Autodidact-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Become-an-Autodidact-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 去当地图书馆借书或上课。很多公立图书馆为英语学习者提供资源。也许还会为想要提高英语的社区居民组织免费课程。在英语学习者人数多的地方更为常见。图书馆里也有可以借阅的纸质或有声书籍。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/35\/Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/35\/Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 买一本国际音标字典。IPA（国际音标字典）能帮助你学会单词的发音。它会指导你读懂音标符号，你也可以通过网上视频学习音标的发音。^[3]
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/44\/Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/44\/Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Choose-a-Paper-Topic-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 阅读各种英语文章。从非正式到正式语体，应该广泛涉猎，既熟悉会话英语也熟悉正式英语。^[4]
   • 如果有条件的话，每天买份英语报纸，通读。通过这种方式，每天学习一些新单词和常用的句子结构。
   • 尝试阅读英文小说。如果小说对你来说太难，可以先看儿童或青少年读物，逐渐加深阅读难度。
   • 圈出陌生词汇，查询并在页面边沿标注词义。尝试将新单词运用到会话中。
7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 7 观看各种英语节目。一开始可以看英语新闻，因为新闻播报者的语音较为纯正，没什么口音。^[5] 慢慢地，就要涉及各种类型地英文节目，这样你才能学会流畅的会话英语，不至于太正式或僵硬。^[6]
   • 看电影。可以从青少年电影开始看起，学习简单的词汇和句子结构，提高熟练度。^[7]
   • 电视节目也是个好选择，因为比电影短，并且能让你学会幽默，这也是流畅的一部分。
   • 如果有字幕，就开启字幕。边听边看字幕可以提高你的发音和词汇量。
8. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0a\/Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0a\/Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Expand-Your-Knowledge-Using-the-Internet-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 8 观看网上视频。很多视频网站上有各种各样的英语视频。如果你想要提高和工作相关的英语，那就选择专业领域的视频，以掌握更多专业词汇，满足职业需求。
9. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Deal-With-a-Bad-Grade-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Deal-With-a-Bad-Grade-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Deal-With-a-Bad-Grade-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Deal-With-a-Bad-Grade-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 9 找一个英语学习伙伴。流利是通过练习得来的，找一个伙伴，一起学习和练习。^[8]
   • 或者可以找一个母语是英语的人，帮助他学习你的母语，用这种交换语言的学习方式(见下文）。
10. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/76\/Encourage-a-Teen-to-Read-Classic-Literature-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Encourage-a-Teen-to-Read-Classic-Literature-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Encourage-a-Teen-to-Read-Classic-Literature-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Encourage-a-Teen-to-Read-Classic-Literature-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 10 买一本高级字典。字典上需要提供词汇的详细解释和例句，这样你才能充分理解并学会运用到具体语境中.^[9]
    • 大多数字典具备单词、发音、复数形式（一般加s，有时加es或en，或者us变a）。

提高流利度

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/04\/Actively-Listen-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Actively-Listen-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/04\/Actively-Listen-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Actively-Listen-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 用英语说话。提高流利度需要长期坚持大声用英语说话。^[10] 最好能和母语为英语的人交流，如果不能的话，其他会说英语的都可以。你甚至可以用英语和自己对话。^[11]
   • 把自己沉浸在英语环境中是最好的办法。^[12]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Ask-Someone-to-Be-Your-Study-Buddy-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Ask-Someone-to-Be-Your-Study-Buddy-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Ask-Someone-to-Be-Your-Study-Buddy-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Ask-Someone-to-Be-Your-Study-Buddy-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 重复母语国家人说的话。关注他们的发音、抑扬顿挫和节奏。把自己说的录下来，和母语者相比较。^[13]
   • 关注母语者的选词和表达方式。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/45\/Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/45\/Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 使用会话交流网站。此类网站会自动匹配语言学习者。^[14] 比如你想学英语，另一个说英语的人想学中文，网站就会将你们配对。你们可以通过视频或网络聊天，并收到对方的及时反馈和建议。
   • 尽量多练习。找一个日程安排和你接近的，同样想提高外语熟练度的学习伙伴。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Remain-Silent-for-a-Whole-Day-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Remain-Silent-for-a-Whole-Day-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Remain-Silent-for-a-Whole-Day-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Remain-Silent-for-a-Whole-Day-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 听他人说英语。要是你生活的环境中说英语的人比较多，你应该多留意他人的会话交流，从而提高自己的理解能力和熟练度。^[15]
   • 留意节奏感、对话过度和提问及回答的方式。^[16]
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Create-a-History-Club-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Create-a-History-Club-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Create-a-History-Club-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Create-a-History-Club-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 培养英语思维。听来有点奇怪，不过用英语思考和用英语说话能有相当的效果。^{[17] [18]} 比如，你可以用英语在脑海中想“ I am walking out of my door. I see a stray cat on the street. I need to get on the correct bus and go to work now（我走出家门，看见街上有只流浪猫。我要搭上正确的公交去上班）。”

沉浸到英语环境中

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/20\/Take-a-Working-Holiday-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-a-Working-Holiday-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Take-a-Working-Holiday-Step-1.jpg\/v4-728px-Take-a-Working-Holiday-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 去英语国家旅行。最好是英语为第一母语的国家，不过其他说英语的国家也可以。去那里待一段时间，待得越久，你的英语会越流利。^[19]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/92\/Tell-an-Interesting-Travel-Story-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-an-Interesting-Travel-Story-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/92\/Tell-an-Interesting-Travel-Story-Step-10.jpg\/v4-728px-Tell-an-Interesting-Travel-Story-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 只用英语说话。就算你不确定你说得准不准确，也要坚持用英语表达。^[20] 这样坚持下去，你会更快掌握英语的表达方式。^[21]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e1\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e1\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 请身边的人尽量说英语。如果你所去的国家不止使用英语这一种语言，就请身边的人尽量说英语。^[22]
   • 如果你没有出国，很难沉浸到英语环境中。当然你也可以在家制造英语环境，让家人也一同学习，把学英语变作有趣的体验。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/09\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/09\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 自信。别怕说错，坚持用英语会话交流，你更可能成功。^[23]

避免常规错误

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-16.jpg\/v4-460px-Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-16.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-16.jpg\/v4-728px-Manage-Your-Time-in-College-Step-16.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 用对冠词。英语中有两种冠词：定冠词和不定冠词。定冠词the指代特定事物，而不定冠词a和an不是定指。^[24]
   • 如果你统称狗，就是a dog。指具体某一只狗，就是the dog。
   • 以元音开头的单词前不定冠词用an，如“I would like an apple”或“I will be there in an hour”。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/42\/Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/42\/Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 用对介词。英语学习者常犯的一个错误就是搞混介词（on, to, in, among, around等）。如果你想说得地道，就要注意冠词的使用。^[25]
   • 介词的使用规则比较复杂。例如，“I’m waiting for the train”或“I’m waiting on the train”这两种说法都是正确的。不过在“I have a meeting on Monday”这个句子中就不能把on 换成for。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Register-to-Vote-in-Minnesota-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Register-to-Vote-in-Minnesota-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Register-to-Vote-in-Minnesota-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Register-to-Vote-in-Minnesota-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 正确排列形容词的顺序。在英语中，不同的形容词重要有主次先后之分，需要排顺序。
   • 一般的排序是：冠词、判断词、尺寸、形状、年龄、颜色、国籍、材料。^[26] 不过，每个名词搭配的形容词最好是2-3个。
   • 例如，你可以说“I have an old brown dog”或“I drive a rusty, box-shaped, 20-year-old American trunk.”
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-18.jpg\/v4-460px-Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-18.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-18.jpg\/v4-728px-Write-a-College-Admissions-Essay-Step-18.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 不要盲目替换近义词。如果你的词汇量不够，你很容易会找替代词。不过近义词还是有差别的。^[27]
   • 在使用近义词前，先查查字典，确保词义和使用方式准确。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/da\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Respond-when-Your-Friend-Says-Something-Offensive-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 记住不规则动词搭配。规则动词比较好记，不规则动词难得多。最好把动词搭配背出来。^[28] 搜索常见的不规则动词表或者识记卡片，掌握它们的搭配和用法。