随着天气转暖,舒适的凉鞋、人字拖和露趾鞋就开始派上用场,这时候就得确保趾甲健康生长。尽管很多原因都可能导致趾甲发黄、发灰,但是预防和治愈灰指甲其实很简单。
步骤
方法 1 的 3:
治疗灰指甲
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1
要知道灰指甲通常都是真菌感染所致。碱性湿润的环境会滋生真菌,因此潮湿的袜子最容易形成菌落。真菌感染还会伴随其它一些症状,比如趾甲增厚、变脆甚至起裂、脱落。还有一些不太常见的原因也会导致出现灰指甲,包括:
- 经常涂抹指甲油,导致趾甲上总是残留有染色剂。
- 糖尿病。
- 黄甲综合征(遗传病)。
- 淋巴水肿(腿部慢性肿胀)。[1]
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2
只是轻微症状可以试试抗真菌乳膏。如果你趾甲还没变脆或起裂,那就可以使用非处方乳膏来对抗感染。在美国,最常用的两种药分别是Mycocide NS和Nonyx Nail Gel,每天需要涂抹两次并坚持数周。
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3
让医生开些处方药。尽管能买到非处方抗真菌乳膏,但通常还是需要去找专科医生开些药效更强的软膏来对抗趾甲下面的真菌。常见药物包括:
- Cicloprox (通用名为环吡酮)、Zetaclear、Sporanox(伊曲康唑)和Lamisil(兰美抒)。[2]
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4
要知道治疗真菌感染不是一天两天的事。你需要杀灭所有的菌落才能根除感染,否则就会复发。坚持治疗,直到你确保真菌已经根除,同时要保持耐心,治疗可能得持续数月。
- 几周过后要是趾甲仍然发黄、易裂,最好要去看足科医生。
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5
要素一走路就疼,可以选择手术摘除趾甲。手术应当是最后的选择,因为术后新的趾甲可能得一年才能长出来。但是要是都影响到正常生活了,那最好还是考虑摘除趾甲,然后顺其自然。[3]
方法 2 的 3:
预防灰指甲
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1
戒烟。抽烟会导致皮肤、指甲和头发变色,戒烟可能是让你的指甲恢复原本颜色的最快方法。
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2
少涂指甲油。指甲油在给指甲着色的同时也会导致指甲缺氧,因此容易引发感染。一周留几天不涂指甲油。这样有利于保持指甲健康。
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3
及时更换潮湿的脏袜子。袜子是真菌滋生的地方。如果你经常穿被脚汗浸湿的脏袜子,那么就容易感染真菌,所以要及时换上干净的干袜子。
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4
穿透气的鞋子。篮球鞋、露趾鞋以及大多数运动鞋都是用网状或透气材料制成,好让脚趾透气,这对保持趾甲健康至关重要。[4]
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5
洗澡时要专门洗洗脚趾和足部。每次洗澡时不要忘了擦洗脚趾和趾甲,这样可以洗掉细菌、真菌和污垢。养成注意足部卫生的习惯。
方法 3 的 3:
灰指甲的居家疗法
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1
自制抗菌膏。在小碗中加入2.5汤匙小苏打和1汤匙双氧水。搅拌均匀后用棉球蘸上混合物,然后涂在趾甲上,等5分钟后再冲洗干净。每天重复几次。
- 就算只有其中任何一种配料也能用来治疗。放在小碗中再加一点温水,然后直接涂抹患处。[5]
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2
用醋泡。在大盆子里将水和醋按3:1的比例混合。每天用它泡一次脚,每次持续4-5分钟。这样可以降低脚趾pH值并对抗真菌。
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3
用柠檬汁来治疗变色。将趾甲浸泡在柠檬汁中能去除黄色斑块。每天浸泡趾甲10-15分钟,直至达到满意的效果。
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4
试试用美白牙膏。试着用指甲刷在指甲上涂抹一些美白牙膏,这样可以快速淡化趾甲斑块,就像用红色指甲油把指甲变成粉色指甲一样。然而,这并非去除指甲斑块的长久之计。
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5
临时抛光指甲。黄色斑块存在于指甲的最表层。通过细砂纸抛光,可以去除指甲表层和部分斑块。但是,抛光会导致指甲变脆,所以不推荐经常用这种方法。如果你要抛光指甲,那在完成后要记得涂上透明的指甲保护液。
小提示