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1
了解心脏病发的症状。[2]X
可靠来源
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
前往来源
给心脏供血的动脉受堵,阻断了血流,就会引发心脏病。心脏病发会损害心脏,造成胸痛。疼痛可以是钝痛、酸痛、压痛、被紧紧束着或是好像被一块重物压着,而且主要集中在胸部中间。如果你想确认自己是否心脏病发,留意是否还有其它症状:
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3
如果你没有对阿司匹林过敏,可以服用它。[4]X
可靠来源
Harvard Medical School
前往来源
大多数情况下,动脉内壁受损,引起胆固醇斑块沉积和血小板聚集,形成血栓堵住动脉,才引发了心脏病。即使只服用小剂量的阿司匹林,也能抑制血液里的血小板聚集,进而稀释血液和血栓。
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1
了解心包炎的症状。[6]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
心包是心脏外面的膜,当它肿胀或受刺激,就会引发心包炎。一般是病毒感染造成的。胸口中间或左侧通常有很强烈的刺痛感。不过,有的病人只感觉到隐隐的压迫感,而且会延伸到下巴和(或)左臂。病人呼吸或移动的时候会更痛。心包炎的某些症状和心脏病发很相似:
呼吸急促
心悸
低烧
疲倦或恶心
咳嗽
双腿或腹部肿胀
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2
立刻就医。心包炎通常很轻微,会自行好起来,但是你很难区分它和心脏病的症状。[7]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
心包炎也有可能变得更严重,需要通过手术缓解症状。你需要立刻接受观察和诊断,弄清楚引起疼痛的真正原因。
赶快联络紧急救援服务,或是要求别人送你到最近的急救室。
心包炎和心脏病一样,防止它恶化的最佳方法就是及早治疗。
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3
身体端坐并向前倾,以缓解胸痛。[8]X
可靠来源
American Academy of Family Physicians
前往来源
心包分为内外两层,当它们发炎时会互相摩擦,造成胸痛。在你等待就医期间,身体端坐并稍微向前倾,可以减少组织摩擦和随之而来的胸痛。
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4
向医生要求用药。[12]X
可靠来源
American Lung Association
前往来源
如果是细菌感染引发肺炎,医生会开抗生素对抗感染和加快康复,比如阿奇霉素、克拉霉素或红霉素。即使你的状况不需要使用抗生素,医生也能开一些药缓解胸痛,或是减轻咳嗽,以免胸痛恶化。
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5
留意肺栓塞和气胸的症状。[13]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
[14]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
肺栓塞指的是肺动脉阻塞,而气胸(俗称爆肺)则是气体进入肺和胸壁之间的空间。这两种情况都会导致严重呼吸短促,或是手指和嘴唇发蓝。
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1
确认你的情况是胃酸反流。[15]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
[16]X研究来源McCONAGHY J, Oza R. Outpatient Diagnosis of Acute Chest Pain in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Feb 1;87(3):177-182.当胃酸刺激胃部和食管之间的括约肌,导致它放松,就会引发胃酸反流。胃酸从胃部往上倒流进食管,造成胸口有一股灼热感。胃酸反流时,你也可能会感到恶心,或是觉得有食物卡在胸口或喉咙。有时候口腔会有一股酸味。
7
考虑接受针灸。一些研究显示针灸对治疗肠胃失调有正面作用。在一项为期6周的研究中,胃酸反流患者接受针对4个穴位的传统针灸治疗。治疗效果和接受传统药物治疗的患者相似。每天针灸1次,坚持1周,要求针灸师专注在以下穴位:[23]X研究来源Zhang CX, Qin YM, Guo BR. Clinical study on the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux by acupuncture. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2010 Aug;16(4):298-303
播放让你感到放松的音乐,然后慢慢地深呼吸。[28]X研究来源Sherman K. et al. Effectiveness of Therapeutic Massage for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Depression & Anxiety Journal. 2010. May; 27(5): 441-450.
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1
区分肋软骨炎和肌肉骨骼问题引起的疼痛。[30]X
可靠来源
American Academy of Family Physicians
前往来源
[31]X
可靠来源
PubMed Central
前往来源
肋骨和胸骨通过肋胸关节里的软骨连接。当这个软骨发炎,你就会感到胸痛,通常是剧烈活动造成的。做运动时,你也有可能拉伤胸部肌肉,引起和肋软骨炎十分相似的肌肉骨骼疼痛。疼痛可以是剧痛、酸痛或是感觉胸口有一股重压。通常只有在移动或呼吸时才会感到疼痛。用手按压疼痛部位可以产生相同的痛感。这个测试方法只适用于这两种情况引起的胸痛。
想要区分是肌肉骨骼疼痛还是关节软骨疼痛,你可以按压胸骨(胸腔中间的骨骼)周围的肋骨。
如果疼痛部位紧挨着胸骨,你很可能得了肋软骨炎。
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2
服用非处方止痛药。[32]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
非甾体抗炎药可以缓解软骨和肌肉问题引起的胸痛,包括阿司匹林、布洛芬和萘普生。它们抑制软骨或肌肉的发炎过程,减轻这些会引发疼痛的状况。
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5
使用加热垫。[35]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
热敷对治疗持续的肌肉或关节问题十分有效,可以缓解这类问题引起的胸痛。[36]X
可靠来源
University of Rochester Medical Center
前往来源
按照指示将加热垫放进微波炉加热。间歇地敷在疼痛部位,以免烫伤自己。热敷可以放松紧张的肌肉,并促进愈合。热敷期间,你也可以用手指隔着加热垫按摩肌肉,让它们更加放松。[37]X研究来源Proulx A, Zryd T. Costochondritis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Sep 15;80(6):617-620.