许多药物需要在家注射,为了防止伤害或感染,在家打针需要适当的训练和细心呵护。阅读本文学习进行两种在家注射的方法:皮下注射(打到皮下的脂肪层)和肌内注射(打到肌肉里)。
警告:始终遵循医嘱,如果有随药品附带的说明书还要阅读说明书。本文旨在给予人们帮助,但各种药物和病人的需求会有所不同。
步骤
方法 1 的 4:
需要考虑的问题
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1
在进行打针前确保自己能胜任这项任务。只进行医生告诉你是安全的注射,还有那些把药物开给病人的注射。
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2
关于如何和什么时候打针如果你有任何问题或疑惑,在打针前务必咨询医生或其他医疗专业人员。
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3
阅读医生,护士或药剂师给你的医嘱。如果药物有说明书,一定要先看看。 记住医生或其他医疗专业人员给你的医嘱要优先于任何你在网上或其他地方找到的说明书。
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4
确定你要给人进行哪种注射。有三种常见的注射方式:皮下注射,肌内注射,和静脉注射。如果不知道你要进行哪种注射,则在注射前咨询医生,药剂师,或护士。
- 皮下注射:注射到皮下脂肪层。比如:对糖尿病人进行的胰岛素注射;血栓药物的注射。
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- 肌内注射:直接注射到肌肉里。例子包括:疫苗,激素,和抗生素。
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- 静脉注射:把液体直接注射到血管内。 除非你是有资格进行静脉注射的,否则不要自己进行这种注射。
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方法 2 的 4:
准备
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1
认真洗手。这有助于预防感染。
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2
准备好需要注射的药物和针。确保针是无菌且没有被使用过。
- 有些药物是即用型的,而另一些则需要你用针管把药物从瓶中抽出来。这种情况,要先用酒精把瓶顶处进行消毒,然后把针从包装中取出。阅读药品说明书确定需要注射的药量。拉动活塞杆使注射器吸入与所需药液等量的空气。颠倒药瓶,把针插进去,然后推下活塞杆,把注射器内的空气推入药瓶中。往外拉动活塞杆把药液吸入注射器内。
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3
注意用于肌内注射的针头和皮下注射的针头是不一样的。
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4
可以考虑在注射前冰敷注射部位以减轻疼痛,特别是如果病人是小孩。
方法 3 的 4:
进行皮下注射
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1
在医生的指导下确定注射位置。应该在肉较多的区域进行注射比如上臂。
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2
用擦拭酒精把注射位置及其周围的皮肤进行消毒。在注射前,让酒精适当晾干。
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3
准备好药物(见上述步骤)。
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4
用空出来的那只手把注射区域抓住。
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5
快速小心地把针按45度角插入皮肤。
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6
让空出来的那只手松开皮肤。
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7
稍微往后拉动注射器活塞杆检查有没有血液进入注射器。如果有,则小心移出针头,在另一个地方重新进行注射。如果没有血,就继续。
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8
小心地把药物注入病人体内。把活塞杆往下推直至所有药液都被推完。
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9
按住注射位置的皮肤然后快速小心地顺着入针的角度抽出针头。
方法 4 的 4:
进行肌内注射
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1
确定注射位置。通常肌内注射的区域包括臀部和大腿。
- 每次选不同的位置进行注射可以有助于防止出现青肿和疼痛。
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2
用擦拭酒精把注射位置及其周围的皮肤进行消毒。在注射前,让酒精适当晾干。
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3
用空出来的那只手把注射区域抓住。
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4
把针头以90度角通过皮肤插入肌肉。
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5
让空出来的那只手松开皮肤。
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6
稍微往后拉动注射器活塞杆检查有没有血液进入注射器。如果有,则小心移出针头,在另一个地方重新进行注射。如果没有血,就继续。
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7
小心地把药物注入病人体内。把活塞杆往下推直至所有药液都被推完。不要推得太猛;慢慢推入可以降低疼痛感。
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8
顺着入针的角度小心地抽出针头。
小提示
- 在进行注射前冰敷注射区域可以减少疼痛。
- 始终让病人不要看注射位置并且让他们放松身体。这在很大程度上可以减轻注射带来的疼痛。
- 如果病人是小孩,则可以通过给他们唱歌,让他们看电视,或问他/她问题来分散其注意力。
- 每次选不同的位置进行注射可以有助于防止出现青肿和疼痛。
警告
- 确保使用正确的药物。
- 确保使用正确的剂量。
- 如果在注射后就出现以下症状则立即就医:气短,嘴巴和脸肿胀,和/或注射位置长疹子或发痒。
- 如果注射位置的青肿一直不消散,注射后出现发烧或咳嗽,和/或对如何进行注射有疑问,请联系医疗专业人员