怎么求积分

积分算是微分的逆运算,积分可以用来计算曲线下的面积。多项式的类型不同,积分的公式也不同。

方法 1 的 2:

简单的积分

  1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/57\/Integrate-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Integrate-Step-1.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 大多数多项式适用的积分公式。比如多项式:y = a*x^n.
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/55\/Integrate-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Integrate-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 系数除以(n+1),然后指数加上1。换句话说y = a*x^n 的积分是y = (a/n+1)*x^(n+1).
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Integrate-Step-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Integrate-Step-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 对于不定积分,一个多项式对应多个,所以要加上积分常数C。因此本例的最终结果是y = (a/n+1)*x^(n+1) + C
    • 考虑这样一个问题:在计算微分是,所有常数项都被省略。因此,在求积分时,积分结果可以加上任意的常数。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Integrate-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Integrate-Step-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 根据这个公式,计算积分。比如,y = 4x^3 + 5x^2 +3x 的积分是(4/4)x^4 + (5/3)*x^3 + (3/2)*x^2 + C = x^4 + (5/3)*x^3 + (3/2)*x^2 + C.
方法 2 的 2:

其他公式

  1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/95\/Integrate-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/95\/Integrate-Step-5.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 上文提到的公式不适用于x^-1或1/x的形式。当你计算指数为-1的指数式的积分时,其结果是自然对数的形式。换句话说(x+3)^-1的积分是ln(x+3) + C
  2. 2 e^x的积分就是它自身。e^(nx)的积分是1/n * e^(nx) + C;因此,e^(4x) 的积分是1/4 * e^(4x) + C
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Integrate-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Integrate-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 三角函数的积分需要记忆。你要记住下面的积分公式:
    • cos(x) 的积分是sin(x) + C {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/86\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • sin(x) 的积分是-cos(x) + C (note the negative sign!) {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/06\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 根据这两个公式,你可以计算tan(x),即sin(x)/cos(x)的积分。 其积分是 -ln|cos x| + C ,你可以求它的微分看看。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Integrate-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-7Bullet3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Integrate-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Integrate-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 对于比较复杂的多项式,比如(3x-5)^4, 要使用替换法来求积分。引入一个变量,比如u,来代替多项式,3x-5,这样可以简化所求的式子,然后套用上面的基本积分公式。
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Integrate-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Integrate-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Integrate-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Integrate-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":325,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":514,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 计算相乘两函数的积分,使用分部积分法。

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