细菌性阴道炎(BV)是育龄女性常见的由于阴道内细菌不平衡而引起的感染。主要是因为阴道内恶性细菌的过度增长导致的。所有的女性都有患细菌性阴道炎的可能性,有些不良习惯会增加感染的几率。想要知道如何预防并治疗感染,请继续阅读下文。
步骤
方法 1 的 3:
评估症状
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1
注意阴道分泌物的异常。患细菌性阴道炎的女性的阴道分泌物呈白色或者灰色,有鱼腥味。
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2
注意小便时是否有灼烧感。小便时有灼烧感是细菌性阴道炎的症状。
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3
注意外阴部位是否瘙痒。瘙痒一般出现在阴道口周围。
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4
如果你有上述症状,请去医院做检查。虽然细菌性阴道炎一般不会引起长久的问题但是置之不理还是会有一些健康风险的。它们包括:
- 更容易感染HIV病毒。
- 已经感染HIV的女性患者容易将病毒传染给性伴侣。
- 手术后,比如子宫切除术或者人流之后容易感染。
- 患有细菌性阴道炎的孕妇在孕期内出现并发症的风险增加。
- 容易感染其他性病,比如单纯疱疹病毒,衣原体,以及淋病。
方法 2 的 3:
治疗细菌性阴道炎
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1
服用医生开的抗生素。用于治疗细菌性阴道炎的两种不同的抗生素有:甲硝唑和克林霉素。医生会为你开适合你的症状的抗生素。
- 口服甲硝唑抗生素据说最有效。
- 这两种抗生素都可以用来治疗怀孕的女性和没有怀孕的女性,不过建议剂量不一致。
- HIV阳性的患有细菌性阴道炎的女性应该接受同样的治疗。
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2
尝试居家疗法。嗜酸乳杆菌或者乳酸菌益生菌片剂可以治疗细菌性阴道炎。这种益生菌片剂含有可以分泌乳酸的细菌可以平衡阴道内的细菌。
- 虽然这些药片都是口服用的,但是可以用作阴道栓剂。
- 在睡觉前往阴道内塞入一片益生菌片剂,不要超过一片,避免刺激阴道。几天后,阴道异味会消失。如果炎症没有消失反而加剧,请去看医生。[1]
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3
要知道有时候细菌性阴道炎会自行治愈。但是为了避免并发症,最好去看医生。但是主要避免被医生吓住。有时候医生会夸张地形容病情的严重性,多开很多药物。
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4
记住细菌性阴道炎是会复发的。有50%的患者在治疗后12个月内复发。[2]
方法 3 的 3:
预防细菌性阴道炎
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1
抑制频繁更换性伴侣。 每更换一次性伴侣,你的身体就要面对新的细菌。禁欲可以减少感染但是没有性生活的女性也会感染细菌性阴道炎。
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2
避免冲洗阴道。调查发现,冲洗阴道的女性出现健康问题的几率要比不冲洗阴道的女性高。所以最好不要冲洗阴道内部。只要清洗外阴即可。
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3
经常口服益生菌药片。服用之前咨询医生的建议。乳酸菌可以抑制细菌性阴道炎的致病细菌的滋生。[3]
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4
细菌性阴道炎对于怀孕的女性有潜在的风险。早产或胎儿体重过轻的女性应该去做检查,即使没有症状。
小提示
- 如果医生给你开抗生素,一定要按照医生的嘱咐将药服完。如果你不遵照医嘱,提前停药,你的炎症可能会反弹。
- 如果你出现上述症状,请去医院做阴道分泌物检查。
- 让你的伴侣在做爱之前,清洗他的手和生殖器。
- 女性不会通过马桶,床和游泳池等皮肤接触的地方感染细菌性阴道炎。
- 有艾滋病的女性如果患细菌性阴道炎,治疗方法跟没有艾滋病的女性一样。
警告
- 细菌性阴道炎在女性性伴侣间会传播。
- 细菌性阴道炎会复发。
- 孕妇患细菌性阴道炎有可能会出早产或者胎儿体重过轻。
来源与引文
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↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17633390
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↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/bacterial_vaginosis/page4.htm#are_there_home_remedies_for_bacterial_vaginosis
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↑ http://ndnr.com/web-articles/womens-health/oral-probiotic-combination-for-the-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis/
- http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/default.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/STDFact-Bacterial-Vaginosis.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/STDFact-Bacterial-Vaginosis.htm#MoreInfo