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1
明确猫的身份信息。被猫抓伤后,收集这只猫的信息。如果是自己家或者好朋友的猫,就可以将它认定为“家猫”。如果伤势不严重,而且你确信以下关于这只猫的信息真实无误,就可以自行处理伤口:[1]X
可靠来源
University of Rochester Medical Center
前往来源
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1
清洗双手。在处理伤口前,先洗净双手,并消毒。用肥皂和温水(也可以用热水)至少清洗20秒钟。别疏忽了指间和指甲缝。接着,再用净水冲洗。[3]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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2
冲洗伤口。用水龙头流出的净水冲洗伤口和周围皮肤。[4]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
不要用过热的水,以免加剧出血。
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3
清洗抓伤部位。用成分温和的肥皂仔细清洗抓伤部位的皮肤。除此之外,周围的皮肤也要清洗。例如,如果前臂某处被抓伤,那么要清洗整条前臂,而不仅限于抓伤的部位。接着,再用自来水彻底冲洗干净。[5]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
清洗的时候,不要摩擦患处,以免对受损组织造成进一步伤害(比如淤青)。
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4
在抓伤处抹上药膏。在抓伤处涂抹抗菌消炎药膏。[6]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
你可以用新孢霉素等三联抗生素软膏。这类药膏含新霉素,能有效促进伤口愈合。[7]X研究来源
三联抗生素软膏每天涂抹三次。[8]X研究来源
如果你对普通三联抗生素软膏过敏,杆菌肽也是一个不错的选择。
如果是被家猫抓伤,而且只是造成浅表伤口,就没必要口服抗生素。[9]X研究来源 Dire DJ.Cat bite wounds: risk factors for infection.Annals of Emergency Medicine, 20(9);1991:973-979.
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1
寻求医学治疗。即使你是被一只严格接种疫苗的猫抓伤,如果伤口较深,也可能引起大出血,需要服用抗生素药物,防止伤口发炎。[10]X
可靠来源
University of Rochester Medical Center
前往来源
通常,医生会开奥格门汀875/125毫克,每天两次,连续服用7到10天。
接受医学专业人士的治疗前,先自己在家作一些处理。
做好下面这些处理后再去见医生。
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2
止血。如果出血严重,用干净的毛巾敷压伤口。用毛巾大力按压出血部位,直到出血量减少。如果有可能,将抓伤处的肢体举过头部。[11]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
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3
清洗抓伤处。彻底洗净双手后,轻轻地用肥皂清洁伤口,接着再用干净的水冲洗。[12]X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
洗的时候,不要摩擦伤处,避免引起出血。
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2
警惕猫抓病。猫抓病是猫最常引起的疾病,由人体感染汉塞巴尔通体引起。猫是塞巴尔通体的载体,尤其是小猫和长虱子的猫。大约有40%的猫一生中的某个阶段会携带这种病菌,但不会显示任何症状。[15]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
一些有猫抓病的猫可能会患上心脏病、口腔溃疡或眼部感染。[16]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
人要是患上猫抓病,最初的表现就是被抓、被咬的部位会微微肿胀,随之而来的是腋下、腹股沟或颈部淋巴节肿大。接着,患者会出现发烧、疲乏、眼睛发红、关节疼痛和喉咙肿痛等症状。[17]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
人得了猫抓病后,如果不经治疗,眼、脑、肝或脾等器官可能会严重受损。[18]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
免疫力低下的人更容易得并发症。如果得了猫抓热,甚至有可能死亡。
猫抓病通常可以通过血清巴尔通体抗体检测进行诊断,也可以通过细菌培养、组织病理学,或聚合酶链式反应等检查手段进行诊断。阿奇霉素、利福平、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克拉霉素、复方新诺明片等抗生素药物可用来治疗猫抓病。[19]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源
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4
养只年龄大一点的猫。大多数的猫,过了从幼猫到成猫的成长阶段(1到2岁之间),抓、咬的行为会收敛很多。如果你对猫抓伤敏感,或者免疫力低下,建议你不要养幼猫,养一只年龄稍大一点儿的猫。[24]X
可靠来源
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
前往来源