怎么5分钟止咳

不断咳嗽让人难受又心烦。长期咳嗽可能由喉咙干燥、流涕或哮喘引起。快速止咳的关键是根据咳嗽类型选择合适的解决办法。

步骤

补充水分

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/51\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-1-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-1-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/51\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-1-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-1-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 多喝水。和其他常见疾病一样，要治疗咳嗽，首先要补充足够水分。如果你的咳嗽是由于喉咙干燥引起的，补充水分可能就已经足够止咳了。就算咳嗽是由于其他原因引起的，多喝水准没错。^[1]
   • 如果你的喉咙已经因为咳嗽开始发炎、红肿，尽量避免饮用可能会让喉咙情况恶化的饮料，比如酸性果汁（橙汁之类）。
   • 奶类也要少喝。牛奶是否会引起更多粘液产生，这依然是个未解之谜，但牛奶（尤其是全脂牛奶）会粘附在喉咙里，让你感觉痰更多。不过，如果你的咳嗽是由刺激或干燥引起的，冰凉的奶制品可能有舒缓作用。^{[2] [3]}
   • 如果不确定咳嗽原因，还是喝水比较稳妥。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 选择热饮。对于某些类型的咳嗽，比如喉咙充血或流涕引起的咳嗽，热饮比冷饮或常温饮料更能有效止咳。
   • 不管是你钟爱的蜂蜜草本茶，还是普通热柠檬水，根据美国肺脏协会首席医疗官所说，“所有热饮都有助稀释呼吸道中的粘液”。^[4]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-3-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-3-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-3-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-3-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 试试盐水。尤其对于由着凉或流感引起的咳嗽，盐水几乎百试百灵。
   • 用盐水漱口，或用生理盐水型鼻腔喷剂，都能帮助杀灭导致鼻后流液的细菌或者病毒，这种鼻后流液就是引起咳嗽的罪魁祸首。还能冲刷掉喉咙的粘液，让你暂时舒一口气。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-4-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-4-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-4-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-4-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 利用蒸汽治疗。传统疗法认为冲澡或增湿器产生的蒸汽可以有助治疗咳嗽，但这种方式仅适用于由于空气干燥引起的咳嗽。
   • 如果你的咳嗽是由于充血、哮喘、尘螨、霉菌或其他原因引起，潮湿的空气反而会让你的病情加重。^[5]

改变环境

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/22\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-5-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-5-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-5-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-5-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 保持身体向上挺直。平躺可能会导致粘液流入喉咙。
   • 举个例子，如果睡觉的时候咳嗽，你可以用枕头将头垫高，避免流涕流入喉咙引起咳嗽。^[6]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-6-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-6-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 保持空气洁净。远离污染严重的空气，比如吸烟烟雾。^[7] 空气中的粒子可能会直接引起咳嗽，或引发其他原因，导致咳嗽恶化。
   • 强烈的香气，比如香水，可能会导致咳嗽。^[8]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/59\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-7-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-7-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/59\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-7-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-7-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 减少空气流动。避免吹风、风扇、暖气和空调，因为流动的空气可能会使咳嗽恶化。^[9]
   • 很多咳嗽的人都觉得吹风会令咳嗽恶化，因为流动的空气可能会令呼吸道更加干燥，或是让喉咙感觉瘙痒，引起咳嗽。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d1\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-8-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-8-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d1\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-8-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-8-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 做呼吸练习。虽然多数呼吸练习的目的都是治疗长期疾病，比如慢性肺栓塞疾病，但其实还能用来治疗咳嗽。
   • 在众多类型的呼吸练习中，可以尝试“控制呼吸”或“撅嘴呼吸”法。比如撅嘴呼吸法，先将嘴巴嘟起，像是吹口哨一样，然后慢慢呼气，心里默数4下。^{[10] [11]}

采取进一步措施

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-9-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-9-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-9-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-9-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 药物治疗。如果咳嗽还是没有缓解，可以试试止咳药物。
   • 止咳药物通常含有两种成分：稀释粘液的祛痰成分，以及阻止咳嗽反射的抑制剂。看看挑选的止咳药物包装上的成分表，选择最适合你的止咳药。^[12]
   • 医生可以开含有可待因止咳糖浆的处方单，可待因是一种非常有效的咳嗽抑制剂。由于可待因有成瘾性，一定要遵循医嘱，按照剂量指引使用。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-10-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-10-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-10-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-10-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 缓解喉咙不适。如果咳嗽刺激喉咙充血，可以试试喉糖、吃点冰凉的东西（比如棒冰）或是用盐水漱口。^[13]
   • 很多咳嗽药物都含有少量麻醉成分减少咳嗽反射。冰凉的东西，比如棒冰，也一样可以暂时麻痹喉咙。^[14]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/ca\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-11-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-11-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ca\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-11-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-11-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 尝试薄荷的产品。不管是薄荷糖、膏体还是喷雾都可以，研究表明薄荷能有效缓解咳嗽。^{[15] [16]}
   • 薄荷会提高“咳嗽阈值”，也就是不再那么容易就会引起咳嗽。^[17]
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f8\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-12-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-12-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f8\/Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-12-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Stop-Coughing-in-5-Minutes-Step-12-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 看医生。如果咳嗽伴随呼吸短促、粘液带血、严重疼痛，或是超过38°C的高烧及其他严重的症状，马上去看医生。^[18]