我们在生活中经常需要和百分数打交道--3.4%的年利率(APR),像“现在购买即能节省30%!”的语等等。 因此我们有必要更好地知道什么是百分数、了解它们的意义以及掌握如何进行百分数计算。 其实这并不复杂,下面我们就为你介绍几种简单的方法。
步骤
方法 1 的 3:
计算整数的百分数
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1
了解什么是百分数。百分数是一种能反映出一个数在一个整体中所占比例的方法。要计算百分数,我们把某整体看成是100%。 例如,你有10个苹果(=100%)。如果你吃了2个苹果,则你就吃掉了2/10 × 100% = 20%,你剩下的就只有原来苹果数的80%。
- 英语中的百分比“percent”来源于意大利语“per cento”或者法语“pour cent”,其大概的意思就是“每一百”。
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2
确定某一整体的值。例如,假设我们有一个瓶子,装有1199个红色弹珠及485个蓝色弹珠,则总数为1684个弹珠。在本例中,1684就是瓶子所含弹珠的一个整体,相当于100%。
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3
找出你希望转换为百分比的值。例如,我们希望得出:“瓶子中蓝色弹珠在所有弹珠所占的比例?”
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4
把两个值组成一个分数。在本例中,我们希望得出485(蓝色弹珠个数)在1684(总弹珠个数)中所占的比例。因此,该分数应为485/1684。
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5
把分数转换为百分数。用485除以1684,得到其结果为0.288。
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6
把小数转换成百分数。用得到的结果乘以100,本例中就是用0.288乘以100,得到28.8,即28.8%。
- 只需把小数的小数点右移两位,就可得到小数的对应百分数。
方法 2 的 3:
由百分数计算回整数
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1
为什么要计算回去?这是因为有时候已知的是百分数,但是你要知道对应的数值具体是多少。比如,交多少税,给多少小费,或者贷款的利息是多少钱等等。
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2
获取基数。比如,你向朋友借钱,但是需要支付利息。你借了100块钱,利息每天3%,计算就需要这两个数字。
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3
将百分数转换成小数。用百分数的数字乘以0.01,或者将小数点向左移动两位,将3%转换成0.03。
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4
用基数乘以新小数。本例中,你需要用15乘以0.03,得到0.45。0.45就是你每天需要付给你朋友的利息。
方法 3 的 3:
计算折扣
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1
获取价格和折扣额。这是很简单的计算折后价格的方法,但是你需要知道打折前的准确价格,所以你需要仔细确定商品的价格。
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2
求折扣后的百分比。用100%减去折扣的百分比。如果折扣是30%,那么折扣后的百分比就是70%。
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3
将百分比转换成小数。用百分数的数字乘以0.01,或者将小数点向左移动两位。本例中,70%就转换成了0.7.
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4
用价格乘以小数。如果衬衣的价格是20,那么用20乘以0.7,得到的14就是折后的价格。
小提示
- 百分比可以用饼状图表示。整个圆饼表示100%,每一块表示的就是一个百分数。