土壤散发一股刺鼻的氨味?别担心,这是很常见的园艺问题,完全可以自己解决。本文会回答一些和土壤氨味重相关的问题,并告诉你如何消除这股臭味,改善土壤健康。
步骤
Question 1 的 6:
土壤为什么会有氨味?
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1
排水不良的土壤经常会有氨味。 如果土壤排水不好,很快就会积水,导致厌氧细菌滋生,产生难闻的氨味。[1]
想要测试土壤的排水能力,你可以在花园挖一个长度、宽度和深度皆为30厘米的洞,然后往里面倒满水。如果水在3小时之内排空,表示土壤的排水能力良好,氨味应该是其它原因造成的。[2]
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2
下雨或浇水过多都会让土壤散发氨味。 即使土壤的排水能力良好,一下子引入过多水一样会积水,并散发恶臭味。如果土壤没有机会变干,就会产生氨味。[3]
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3
缺氧也会导致土壤有氨味。 缺氧的土壤含氧量低于健康水平。缺氧会引发几个问题,这些问题全都会导致土壤散发氨味。[4]
缺氧的土壤通常有以下一个或多个特征:
土壤黏重或呈灰色,意味着有大量黏土存在。
土壤坚硬、紧实和难以翻松,意味着土壤压实,失去了内部的空隙,无法渗透。
土壤积水和长时间处于潮湿状态均意味着排水不良。[5]
Question 2 的 6:
如何解决土壤氨味重的问题?
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1
添加有机改良剂,以改善土壤排水能力或给压实的土壤通气。 富含纤维素的有机改良剂能有效解决土壤黏重、紧实或积水的问题,比如泥煤、木屑、树皮和稻草。[6]
首先,在土壤上撒5-8厘米厚的有机改良剂。然后,用翻土机、铲子或掘土叉将它们拌入土壤里。最好在种植前3-6周改良土壤。[7]
一定要将有机物质均匀地拌入整个花园的土壤中。[8]
不要将改良剂添加到潮湿的土壤,这只会导致土壤压实更严重。[9]
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2
如果土壤没有压实或是排水能力良好,那就减少浇水次数。 如果土壤本身没有问题,你需要减少浇水次数。一般来说,每8天提供10厘米高的水就好。[10]
如果土壤已经种了植物,植物的根会加快水被吸收的速度,可能需要增加浇水次数。下面的测试对你有帮助:
浇水之前,挖一个长度、宽度和深度均为30厘米的洞。如果土壤看起来是潮湿的,过几天再浇水。
往洞里倒满水,测试土壤的排水能力。如果水无法在3小时内被完全吸收,表示土壤积水了,先不要浇水。[11]
在潮湿的气候使用雨量计。定期将雨量计插入土壤里,通过显示的读数判断是否需要浇更多水。[12]
Question 3 的 6:
健康的土壤闻起来是什么气味?
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新鲜、健康的土壤没有什么气味。 良好的土壤通常闻起来气味很淡,可能带有一些清新的泥土芳香,尤其是在翻松后。如果你的土壤散发酸腐或类似氨水的气味,表示它们不健康。这个问题通常是排水不良或土壤压实导致的。[13]
Question 4 的 6:
为什么盆栽植物有氨味?
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1
浇水过度会导致盆栽植物有氨味。 土壤积水会导致厌氧细菌滋生,使土壤散发臭味。每天进行简单的触摸测试,就能避免浇水过度。[14]
将手指插入土壤约2.5厘米深处。如果感觉潮湿,先不要浇水。等到土壤摸起来是干的才浇水。
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2
排水不良的花盆也会导致盆栽有氨味。 检查每个花盆底下是否有排水孔。如果没有排水孔,或者排水孔太小了,水就无法妥当地排出来。这会导致植物散发臭味,引起根腐病之类的疾病。[15]
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3
使用紧实的盆栽土也会导致植物有氨味。 不要给盆栽植物使用普通的园土或其它紧实的混合土。轻质盆栽土对盆栽植物最好,因为它们会一直保持结构松散,用久了也不会压实,而且排水能力良好,可以防止积水。[16]
Question 5 的 6:
如何解决盆栽植物氨味重的问题?
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1
将植物重新种在多用途轻质盆栽土里。 选择泥煤苔、蛭石和(或)珍珠岩组成的无土盆栽混合物。这些轻质和多孔的无土混合物适合用来种植盆栽植物。[17]
你甚至可以自己调配无土混合物,只需要将等量的泥煤苔、蛭石或珍珠岩混匀就行了。[18]
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2
使用有更多排水孔的花盆。 选择一个底部或侧边有排水孔的花盆。如果排水孔在底部,要稍微抬高花盆,好让水排出来。如果花盆必须放在地上、桌子或架子等平坦的表面,排水孔必须在侧边而非底部。[19]
如果你不想更换花盆,也可以在原本的花盆底部或侧边钻多几个排水孔。
Question 6 的 6:
为什么堆肥有氨味?
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也许是堆肥里面加了太多含氮量高的绿色物质。 草屑之类的绿色物质含氮量高,太多氮就会产生氨味。用铲子翻一翻堆肥,将它们摊开来,好让多余的氮气消散。然后,多混入一些枯叶、护根覆盖物等棕色物质来恢复平衡。[20]