怎么开始苗圃业

如果你有特殊的园艺才能、一些空间、水源,以及很大的野心,那么你也许会想要在经营植物苗圃上露一手。不过本文并不是一个关于如何种植植物和创业的指导,因为不同地区植物的生长情况有很大的不同。

步骤

  1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/46\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/46\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 检查你所在地区的法律条理。有多个潜在的司法管辖权可能适用于你的新企业,因为不同地区的情况有所不同,因此你应该做一些研究,看看哪些法规可能适用于你。以下是你要考虑的一些方面:
    • 营业执照。如果你打算开始一个商业的苗圃业务,那么这个执照是最有可能需要的东西,可能要花费相当高的成本。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 财产分区。在美国的大部分地区,分区条例规定了土地可能的用途。通常,苗圃业被视为“农业使用”,但在一些条例中,它可能归为“商业”、“农业综合企业”或其他的分类。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/de\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/de\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 如果你所在地区需要建造温室,或者你打算为材料和设备建造一个存储建筑或仓库,那么要看看建筑许可的要求。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet3.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet3.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 查查为了继续你的生意,你需要什么保险。可能包括财产风险保险、工人的赔偿金(如果你有员工的话),以及一般责任保险(如果你期望顾客光临苗圃的话)。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 检查你所在区域管理种植者的规定。在一些地方,你需要满足政府农业检验要求。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet5.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet5.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 看看用于灌溉的水的可用性。如果你打算安装灌溉井,或从河流或湖泊打水的话,水资源管理当局可能不得不发行独立的许可证。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet6.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet6.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet6.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-1Bullet6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/53\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/53\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 调查你的潜在市场。你要能够预测你的植物的需求,从而计划你要种植什么。这里有一些事情需要考虑。
    • 你要种什么植物。苗圃为家庭花园、园林绿化、再造林以及其他用途种植植物。你需要决定是否生产容器栽培、裸根或根团植物产品。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/54\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/54\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 数量。这将是一个非常棘手的问题。如果你生产出了比你的有效销售量更多的植物,那么你将被迫接收过剩的产出,并且不得不损失你的投资成本。不仅仅要降低财政负担,还要能够满足客户的需求,这对于和他们保持良好的关系至关重要。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 。这是一个几乎所有企业必须投入的成本项,这样才能确保自己的市场份额。早点决定你的的基础是什么,以及在你的创业计划内的预算资金。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-2Bullet3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/86\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 选址,并开始你的业务。如果你没有自己的土地,那么你可能需要为你的业务租赁或购买一块地。要确保它契合你的目的,分区适当,并能够随着你的业务繁荣而增长。还要确保这块地交通便利,如果你依靠顾客来找你从而购买产品的话,这一点就更重要了。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 调研材料供应商来降低成本。因为你是在业务的开始阶段,所以你需要建立与批发供应商的关系,批发供应商提供你需要的物品。可能包括(但不限于)以下这些:
    • 种子或幼苗。如果你不打算从野生环境中收获种子和幼苗,那么你必须从苗圃供应商或农场和花园的供应源处购买。你需要用最低的价格,购买你所能买到的最高质量产品。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet1.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet1.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 容器。可能是季节性蔬菜或鲜花的“泥杯”,或用于种植“盆栽”灌木和树的4升、12升、60升的塑料容器。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/92\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet2.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/92\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet2.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 景观结构、覆盖物和土壤调节剂。同样,如果你买的量多,可以从苗圃批发供应商处买到;刚起步的时候,可以从花园和景观供应商处购买零售产品。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 设备。这可以包括任何东西,从灌溉设备,到带有装载机铲斗的拖拉机,取决于你所种植的植物类型。可能性最大的情况是,你至少需要一辆小卡车和拖车,用于移动植物和材料,并交付给客户。要创建一个精确的商业计划,你应该把你需要的一切都考虑进去,甚至是铲子、锄头和耙子。 {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/88\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet4.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/88\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet4.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-4Bullet4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/36\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/36\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-5.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 了解你所在地区的地方生长条件和潜在的问题。如果你所在地区有害虫、疾病或昆虫的问题,那么你可能需要获得一个化肥撒肥机的执照。
  6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-6.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 跟当地的景观设计师聊天,去发现他们在市场中可能想买什么东西。在许多地区都有在任何一个领域常用的“主要”植物产品,但这些植物可能也是供应量最大的。问问他们是否需要一些不太寻常的植物,以及可以为了同样目的生长和种植,但对环境影响较小的本土植物。
  7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8e\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8e\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 7 了解你打算种植的植物物种,来确定植物从最初种植到上市出售之间的合理的时间框架。观赏植物在合适的条件下生长较快,但它们可能仍需要一年或更多的时间才能上市。从种子开始种树的话,根据市场规模和物种,可能需要3到5年才行。
  8. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 8 整理你在前面的步骤所得到的信息,并开始一个商业计划。你应该创建一个“启动成本”图表,记录下初始投资以及运营成本,来决定你需要多少钱才能启动和保持你的业务,直到你开始出售植物、产生收入。
  9. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e5\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e5\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 9 与贷款人、协助小型企业初创企业的政府机构,以及潜在投资者聊天,看你是否可以开发出一个融资结构,来覆盖你的启动成本。
  10. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/da\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-10.jpg\/v4-728px-Start-a-Plant-Nursery-Business-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 10 利用上面的信息,你应该能够决定你将要开始的业务规模了。一个人开始业务,后院操作,让它随着收入增加而逐渐壮大,这是相当普遍的,但这也意味着,在过渡期间你还得继续从事一份固定的工作,来满足你的财政需求。

小提示

  • 如果你想种植容器中的灌木或树木的话,那么到建设项目中找找用过的植物容器,以避免一个“赔钱”的投资。
  • 请注意,在许多管辖区内需要做植物认证,既有对物种的认证,又有植物健康的认证,所以要准备好用文件证明种子来源,并且让认证中介检查植物是否有疾病、有害杂草和害虫。
  • 从当地来源中,寻找你可以收获、发芽的种子来源。这将需要更多的劳动力,种子达成市场要求的尺寸也要更多时间,但会节省购买植物幼苗的钱。
  • 专门化,特别是在开始的时候。你可能只是通过种植泥杯蔬菜卖给当地的园丁开始起步,或是从种子开始种植果树,并用你能够免费获得的品种的枝条进行嫁接。
  • [[1]],这是一个私人网站,它能链接到美国调节苗圃业的政府机构,提供相关研究以及其它信息。

你需要准备

  • 关于植物的知识。
  • 建立业务的空间。
  • 你的产品的市场。
  • 启动资金和在启动阶段的收入。

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