日本枫树因其纵横交错的枝条、柔美多姿的形态而惹人喜爱,但是也要进行适当的修剪,否则枝叶太过茂密会影响它的美感,有碍观瞻。
步骤
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1
修剪成熟的枫树。有时候修剪是为了树的健康考虑,更多时候则是为了让树形更好看。如果你看到树上有老了、死了或病了的枝条,完全可以剪掉。至于那些不太好看的枝条,先不要动它们,等树龄达到两到三年再说。
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2
在冬夏两季修剪。严格说来,一年中只有春季不适合修剪,因为这是它的生长期,而夏末和冬季比较适合修剪。[1]
- 在冬季,叶子落尽了,你可以很清楚地看出哪些枝条会影响整体外观。
- 在夏季可以看出该修剪多少枝叶才能让树形更漂亮。另外,夏季修剪不会促生新枝,比较容易控制树形。
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3
知道大概要修剪成什么样子。日本枫树有两种类型,分别是竖直型的和垂枝型。[2]
- 竖直型的枫树跟大多数树一样,枝条向上伸展,树形就像打开的扇子一样。
- 垂枝型的枫树树干向上长,然后垂挂下来,最上面的一层枝叶形成一个树冠,遮盖着其它枝叶。
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4
把死掉了的枝条去掉。首先要修剪的是老了、死了和病了的枝条,因为树底下很阴凉,所以里面的树枝较容易腐烂。另外,老枝和病枝也会腐烂,而且如果不及时剪掉病枝,疾病会很快传染到其它健康的枝条。
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5
剪掉重叠在一起的枝条。重叠的枝条会破坏整个树形的美感。即使不影响外观,也会互相影响彼此的生长。所以要在靠近树干的地方把重叠的枝条剪去一根,或者两根全部剪掉。
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6
去掉长势较弱的枝条。如果两根枝条缠绕在一起或者靠得太近了,整个树形看起来就会太繁杂,所以要修掉长势较弱或者影响美感的的那根枝条。
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7
去掉反向生长的枝条。在竖直型的枫树上,向下生长的枝条要剪掉,而在垂枝型的枫树上,向上生长的枝条要剪掉。
- 注意,垂枝型的枫树上会有很多弯弯曲曲的枝条。只要它们不影响其它枝条的生长,暂时不要剪掉它们。
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8
把顶部的枝条剪掉一部分。当大的枝条中长出了小的嫩芽或小的枝条,就要把它们修剪掉。主枝应该是“Y”型的,如果在这个“Y”型的枝条上有任何多余的杂枝或嫩芽,尽管去掉它们。[3]
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9
去掉长得太低的枝条。对于竖直型的枫树,低处的枝条会妨碍人走路,还会妨碍下面其它植物的生长。对于垂枝型的枫树,低处的枝条长得太多会拖到地面上,树形就不好看了。
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10
去掉嫩芽,引导枝条往正确方向生长。如果不及时去掉多余的嫩芽,它会长成粗壮的枝条,如果你觉得这个枝条将来肯定不好看,就在一开始消灭它。
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11
保持枫树的树形对称。简单的修剪可以阻止枫树再度生长,防止树形长成不对称的样子。
- 避免把树干修得太细。如果你把粗的树干修剪成细枝条,树形看起来就不对称,不成比例了。
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12
把最大的枝条保留完整。如果枝条的直径比主干直径的一半要多,就不要把它去掉。对于比较老的枫树,枝条的直径比主干直径的¼或1⁄3多的时候,也不要去掉。[4]
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13
树冠去掉的部分不能超过五分之一。去掉的部分过多会促使枫树之后过度生长,给枫树造成太大的压力。树叶去掉的部分不能超过¼,否则,枝条就吸收不到足够的营养。
小提示
- 多花点时间从不同角度观察枫树。前前后后、上上下下多方打量,好好考虑到底要把树形修剪成什么样子才会好看。
- 修剪的时候,不要试图把树剪瘦。如果树长得太大,生长空间不够了,你可以把它换到一个大一点的地方,而不是就着这个空间把树修小了。
你需要准备