科学计数法在化学和物理学中非常常用,可以用来表示非常大或非常小的数字。将数字转化为科学计数法或者将科学计数法转换为普通数字,其实并没有那么难。跟着我们的步骤做就好啦!
步骤
方法 1 的 2:
将数字转化为科学计数法
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1
先找一个非常小或非常大的数。 如果想要成功地将数字转化为科学计数法,你需要找一个非常小或非常大的数。比如,10,090,250,000,000就非常大;0.00004205就非常小。
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2
删去原始数字的小数点。 这是转化为科学计数法的第一步。如果你要转换0.00004205,只需要在小数点上画个叉就好了。
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3
在数字上添加新的小数点,保证小数点前只有一位非零数字。 在我们的例子中,第一个非零数字为4,所以把小数点点在4后面,新的数字变为000004.205。
这一操作也适用于大数字。比如,10,090,250,000,000变成1.0090250000000。
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4
删掉所有无关紧要的数位来重写数字。 无关紧要的数位就是所有不位于非零数位之间的零。
例如,在数字1.0090250000000中,末尾的零都是无关紧要的,但在1和9之间、9和2之间的零是有意义的。将数字改写为1.009025。
在数字000004.205中,最前面的零是无关紧要的。改写为4.205。
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5
在改写过的数字后面写上“x 10”。 暂时写为4.205 x 10。
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6
数数你将原始的小数点挪了多少位。 比如从0.00004205到4.205,就是将小数点挪了5位。从10,090,250,000,000到1.0090250000000,就是挪了13位。
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7
将这个位数作为10的指数。 比如1.0090250000000,写为x 1013 。对于4.205,写为x 105 。
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8
确定指数的正负。 如果原始数字非常大,则指数为正。如果原始数字非常小,则指数为负。
例如,非常大的数10,090,250,000,000变为1.009025 x 10 13 ,非常小的数0.00004205变为4.205 x 10-5 。
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9
根据需要进行近似处理。 这一步取决于你所需要的精确度。比如,1.009025 x 1013 就比1.009 x 1013 更精确,当然更比1.01 x 1013 精确,看你需要多精确了。
方法 2 的 2:
把科学计数法转换为普通数字
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1
决定是要把小数点往左移还是往右移。 如果“x 10”部分的指数是正的,就要把小数点往右移;如果指数是负的,就把小数点往左移。
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2
看看需要把小数点移多少位。 如果数字为5.2081 x 1012 ,就要把小数点往右移12位。如果指数是-7,往左移7位;如果指数是5,往右移5位。
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3
移动小数点,在空位上补零。 可能需要在数字前面或后面补零,取决于小数点是往左移还是往右移。如果你将5.2081的小数点往右移了12位,新的数字变为5208100000000。
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4
点上新的小数点。
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5
对超过999的数字添加逗号。 从右到左,每三个数字前加一个逗号。例如,5208100000000变为5,208,100,000,000。