2
遵循RICE疗法。RICE指的是让膝盖休息(Rest)、冰敷囊肿(Ice)、用布织绷带加压(Compress)和尽量抬高腿(Elevate)。RICE疗法通过冰敷及固定腿来减轻炎症。抬高膝盖则可以排出积液,免得越积越多,进而达到消肿的目的。[2]X研究来源iCao Y, Jones G, Han W, Antony B, Wang X, Cicuttini F, Ding C. Popliteal cysts and subgastrocnemius bursitis are associated with knee symptoms and structural abnormalities in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Mar 3;16(2):R59.
让膝盖休息,尽量少用膝关节。请参阅上一步骤,了解更详细的信息。
冰敷膝盖,将冰袋放在囊肿处。冰冷的温度可以减轻你感受到的疼痛和发炎症状。
加压意味着用绷带包扎膝盖,好让它固定不动。
抬高腿表示坐着的时候,将腿往前伸直,抬高到高于臀部或与它同高的位置。
3
确保包扎方式正确。医生建议你包扎膝盖?打算遵循RICE疗法?那你就得确保包扎方式正确。弹性绷带必须包得紧,但不能太紧,免得膝盖开始感到刺痛、麻木或者让包扎部位肿起来。[3]X研究来源Duckworth, T., Blundell, C. M., & Duckworth, T. (2010). Lecture notes. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
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5
用冰袋减轻疼痛。最好不要直接将冰块敷在皮肤上。用1条薄毛巾裹着冰袋,然后再敷在膝盖上。将冰袋放在囊肿上10到30分钟。如果皮肤被冰块弄痛,请立刻移走冰袋。[4]X研究来源Aktolun, C., & Goldsmith, S. J. (2013). Nuclear medicine therapy: Principles and clinical applications. New York, NY: Springer.
没有冰袋?你也可以用一包冰块或冷冻蔬菜。
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6
尝试用热敷止痛。有的人发现热敷比冰敷的止痛效果更好。拿一条面巾浸在温水或热水中,轻轻地用它按摩囊肿。起初,你可能会感到疼痛,但疼痛程度会慢慢减轻。[5]X研究来源Duckworth, T., Blundell, C. M., & Duckworth, T. (2010). Lecture notes. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
如果热敷对你有效,你可以将加热过的面巾敷在患处30分钟,每天敷3次。
方法 2 的 2:
寻求医生治疗
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1
服用非处方止痛药。接受治疗或切除囊肿前,你可以服用非处方止痛药,让自己感觉好一些。止痛药应该要具备抗炎作用,所以最好购买非甾体抗炎药,例如布洛芬或萘普生。它们在药房都能买到。[6]X研究来源Parvizi, J. (2010). High yield orthopaedics. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.
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2
获取医生开的处方类固醇药物。医生可以直接将类固醇注射到膝盖,减轻疼痛和炎症(正是这些症状导致腿无法正常移动)。不过要记住,注射类固醇并不保证囊肿会永远消失。[7]X研究来源Duckworth, T., Blundell, C. M., & Duckworth, T. (2010). Lecture notes. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
根据医生的个人喜好,他很可能会给你开可的松(一种皮质类固醇),或是强的松。
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3
询问医生是否需要抽取囊内积液。这是相当简单的程序,但在抽取积液的过程中,你很可能需要进行全身麻醉。医生会用消过毒的针抽取囊内积液。之后,用消毒液清洁患处,包扎好膝盖,你就能出院了。[8]X研究来源iCao Y, Jones G, Han W, Antony B, Wang X, Cicuttini F, Ding C. Popliteal cysts and subgastrocnemius bursitis are associated with knee symptoms and structural abnormalities in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Mar 3;16(2):R59.
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4
考虑做手术。手术通常被认为是治疗腘窝囊肿的最后手段。你同样需要进行全身麻醉,在手术过程中沉沉睡去。医生会切除膝盖内肿胀的组织(正是它们导致囊肿形成)。[9]X研究来源Aktolun, C., & Goldsmith, S. J. (2013). Nuclear medicine therapy: Principles and clinical applications. New York, NY: Springer.