短除法和长除法相似,但用短除法做题笔算较少心算较多。短除法适用于除数小于10的题目。下文将教你如何做短除。
步骤
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1
先写下题目。除数要写在除号外面,被除数写在除号里面,商写在除号上面。记住,用短除法做算术,除数必须小于10.
- 5是除数,写在除号外面。
- 847是被除数,写在除号里面。
- 商的位置暂时空白,因为你还没有开始做短除。
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2
用被除数的第一位去除除数。以上题为例,8除以5得到商为1,余数为3,把1写在除号上面。
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3
把余数写在被除数第一位的上面。以上题为例,就是将3写在8的右上角,这样可以提醒你第一次除的余数是3.
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4
将第一次除得的余数作为十位数,将被除数第二位作为个位数,组成的新值再去除除数。以上题为例,余数3放在十位,4放在个位,就得到34,再用34去除以除数5。
- 用34除以5。
- 得到商为6,余数为4.
- 将6写在除号上方第一个商1的后面。
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5
将第二次除得的余数写在被除数第二位的右上角。以上题为例,将余数4写在被除数第三位4的右上角。
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6
将第二次除得的余数放在十位,被除数第三位放在个位,组成新数。以上题为例,第二次除得的余数为4,被除数第三位为7,所得新数为47。
- 用47除以5。
- 得到商为9,余数为2。
- 将9写在除号上方6的后面。
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7
将最后的余数写在除号上方结果的后面。在商后面写下“余2”,这样你就得到最终答案了。
小提示
- 做短除法时要从草稿纸的上面开始写起。
- 弄清被除数、除数及商这几个概念。
- 尝试用短除法做除数为两位数的题目。