知更鸟的性别不太容易区分。雌性和雄性知更鸟在外观和行为上有所差异,因此你可以从这些方面来判断鸟的性别。一旦知道从哪些方面来辨别,你就能很容易弄清知更鸟的性别。
步骤
方法 1 的 3:
分辨美洲知更鸟的性别
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1
研究知更鸟的羽毛。 就胸口羽毛的颜色来说,雄鸟的胸口是锈红色的 ,而雌鸟的更接近于橘红色,所以前者的颜色更深。[1]
雌雄知更鸟翅膀和尾巴上羽毛的颜色也不一样。雄鸟这两个部位羽毛的颜色呈深黑色,而雌鸟的通常呈木炭色。
相比雄鸟,雌性知更鸟头部和背部羽毛的颜色没有太大的区别,都接近于灰黑色。[2]
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2
观察筑巢的是哪种鸟。 筑巢的任务主要是雌鸟在完成,雄鸟会偶尔帮一下忙。[3]
如果你看到一只知更鸟正在筑巢,那么它很可能是雌鸟。
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3
观察知更鸟在巢穴中的行为。 雄鸟每晚都会照顾幼鸟,直到它们长到一岁。而雌鸟会利用这段时间来孵化第二胎宝宝,但是鸟妈妈白天会飞回来照料并喂养幼鸟。[4]
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4
留意知更鸟在交配期的表现。 为了获得雌鸟的青睐,雄性知更鸟可能会和其它雄鸟交战,不让它们靠近雌鸟的巢穴。虽然雌雄知更鸟都喜欢叽叽喳喳地叫,但雄鸟经常会用叫声来吸引雌鸟。
方法 2 的 3:
分辨澳洲(绯红)知更鸟的雌雄
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1
发现颜色上的差异。 [5]
澳洲绯红知更鸟雄性和雌雄羽毛颜色上的差异比它们欧洲或美洲的近亲来说更明显。雄鸟胸口有一团明亮的红色羽毛,鸟喙上方有一片白色的斑块,除此之外,余下的羽毛都是黑色的。雌鸟胸口羽毛呈橘红色,下身呈白色,其余部位则是棕色。
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2
留意观察澳洲知更鸟在巢穴中的行为。 孵蛋的任务是由雌鸟完成的,雄鸟则在外奔波,给雌鸟找来食物。[6]
这样的安排保证了鸟蛋在孵化前一直处于温暖、安全的环境中。
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3
观察鸟巢是由什么搭建而成的。 雌性澳洲知更鸟会用苔藓、蜘蛛网和动物纤维筑巢。巢建好后,雄鸟会站在附近的树枝上瞭望四周,用叫声警告其它鸟不要接近自家的巢穴。[7]
方法 3 的 3:
分辨欧洲知更鸟的雌雄
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1
观察欧洲知更鸟的迁徙模式。 夏天到来时,雌鸟会飞到邻近的区域筑巢。雄鸟则完全相反——它们一整年都会留在相同的地盘。[8]
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2
留意欧洲知更鸟的交配行为。 为了增进相互间的 “感情”,为交配奠定基础,雄鸟会带给雌鸟种子、虫或浆果等食物。雌鸟则会通过扑打翅膀,大声啼叫来表达对雄鸟所献礼物的渴望之情。
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3
观察欧洲知更鸟在巢穴中的行为。 雌鸟下蛋后会在巢穴中呆上两周。这段时间,雄鸟会出去觅食,并将食物带回给雌鸟和鸟宝宝。
如果你看到一窝小鸟和两只知更鸟,其中一只飞出去觅食,那么留下来的那只可能是雌鸟。[9]
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4
观察欧洲知更鸟的胸部。 雌雄欧洲知更鸟很难通过羽毛辨认。[10]
可如果知更鸟年龄比较大,我们可以通过鸟胸口羽毛的细微差异来辨别它们的雌雄。
在雄性欧洲知更鸟出生后的第二年,它们胸口那片红色羽毛周围的灰色边缘会逐渐扩大。雄鸟的胸口往往也比雌鸟的胸口大。[11]
虽然雌性欧洲知更鸟胸口的灰边不会随着时间而显著变宽,但是它们红色的胸口会越长越大。
当利用欧洲知更鸟胸口的特点来辨别鸟的雌雄时,你一定要知道鸟的年龄。
警告
不要乱动知更鸟的巢穴或鸟蛋。知更鸟具有很强的领土意识。
知更鸟家族及其亚种经历了变异。比如,虽然上述与绯红知更鸟相关的雌雄辨别法中的大多数都适用于所有所谓的澳洲“红知更”,但是整个澳洲大陆分布着45种特有的知更鸟。当你开始辨别知更鸟的雌雄之前,你一定要先弄清楚知更鸟的品种。
你需要准备