怎么在拔掉智齿后清洁牙齿

牙医或者口腔外科医生给你拔完智齿后，你需要进行彻底的术后护理，好让口腔能够全面迅速地康复。如果不认真清洁牙齿和口腔，可能就会发生感染，或者患上“干槽症”（牙槽骨炎）这一痛苦的炎症。^[1] 拔除下颌智齿大概会有20%的几率患上干槽症，所以手术之后一定要采取更多的预防措施。在拔掉智齿后，你至少要花一周的时间来护理口腔。

步骤

清洁牙齿

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/71\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/71\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-1-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-1-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 遵照医嘱更换棉球。手术之后医生会用棉球压住嘴里的手术部位，如果需要的话，一般一个小时左右就可以更换。如果你还在流血，那就每30－45分钟更换一次棉球，并轻轻按压住伤口。^[2] 术后出血的时间应该不会超过几个小时。如果术后很久都还在出血，那就得联系医生。^[3]
   • 术后24－48小时内，少量血液从手术部位渗出是正常的。这些渗出物主要都是唾液，里面只有少量血液。如果看到明显不止一点血渗出，那就不正常了，你得去看医生。^[4]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/16\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/16\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-2-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-2-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 术后第一天不要刷牙。手术后第一天不要刷牙、吐东西或者用漱口水漱口。这可能会妨碍愈合的过程，并导致例如干槽症或者感染的情况发生。^[5]
   • 术后24小时对愈合的过程非常重要。刷牙或者其它清洁方式都可能会影响到缝合线以及血液凝固，从而延长愈合时间甚至导致感染。^[6]
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-3-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-3-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 三天之内刷牙不要碰到手术部位。术后三天内刷牙不要碰到拔智齿的地方。你可以在术后第二天开始用半杯温热的盐水来漱口。^[7]
   • 不要把盐水吐出来，而是把头慢慢地从一侧偏到另一侧，让盐水充分清洁口腔，然后再倾斜到一边，让水流出来。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/82\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-4-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-4-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 小心地慢慢刷牙。手术当天也要非常小心地刷牙。一定要避开手术部位，以免刺激或者破坏保护手术部位的血块。^[8]
   • 用软毛牙刷轻柔缓慢地以打圈的方式刷牙。^[9]
   • 术后头几天不要做吐东西的动作。吐东西可能会影响到牙龈患处形成的血块。可以用盐水或消毒漱口水轻轻地漱口，然后将头歪到一边，让漱口水流出来。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-5-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-5-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 术后第三天可以刷牙以及使用牙线。到术后第三天，你就可以正常刷牙以及用牙线清洁牙齿了。不过你还是要轻柔地对待手术部位，以防对患处产生刺激。
   • 刷牙的时候也要记得刷舌头，以去除食物残留和细菌。它们可能会进入牙龈患处并引起感染。
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/41\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/41\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-6-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-6-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 留心感染情况。如果遵照医嘱，保持口腔和牙齿清洁，那么感染的风险就会被降到最低。但是留意感染的迹象也非常重要，如果你发现有任何感染的迹象，就要马上联系医生，以避免术后并发症。
   • 如果出现吞咽或者呼吸有问题、发烧、在手术部位或者鼻子附近发现脓液或者肿胀加重等情况，你就要立即去看医生。^[10]

清洁口腔

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/03\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/03\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-7-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-7-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 用盐水漱口。术后第二天可以开始用盐水来保持牙齿和口腔的清洁。这不仅有助于保持口腔清洁，还有助于减少炎症的发生。^[11]
   • 在一杯240毫升左右的温水中加入半勺盐并搅匀，制成盐水。
   • 用一口盐水轻缓地漱30秒。不要把水吐出来，而是将头歪向一边，让水流出来。这可以避免影响空牙槽。
   • 每顿饭后用盐水漱口，去除口腔内的残渣。^[12]
   • 如果漱口水不含酒精，你也可以用它来漱口，因为酒精会刺激手术部位。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/9c\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9c\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 用冲洗器来漱口。医生可能会给你一个口腔冲洗器或者一个小的塑料注射器来冲洗口腔。如果医生建议用这种方法，你可以在饭后和睡前漱口。
   • 医生可能只建议在比较浅的拔牙部位使用冲洗器，一定要听从医生的指示。
   • 可以在冲洗器里灌入简单制作的盐水。
   • 要让冲洗器的尖端靠近手术部位进行冲洗。你也可以用它来刷牙，可能会有点儿疼，但保持口腔和手术部位的清洁，会有助于减少感染或者引起干槽症的几率。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/58\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/58\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 不要用冲牙器或者冲水牙线。这些工具产生的水压太大，手术后不能立即使用，否则可能会影响到牙槽，妨碍伤口愈合。除非你的牙医明确提议使用，否则拔掉智齿后一周内都不要用冲牙器或者冲水牙线。^[13]

拔掉智齿后注意口腔卫生

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/53\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/53\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 1 不要用吸管。术后头几天不要用吸管喝饮料或者喝像奶昔这样的食物。嘬吸管会影响愈合过程。^[14]
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 2 多喝水。手术后一定要多喝水，这一点非常重要。喝水可以保持口腔湿润，有助于避免干槽症和感染。^[15]
   • 第一天不要喝含有咖啡因和碳酸的饮料。^[16]
   • 术后至少一周内不能饮酒。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4d\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 3 不要喝热饮。像茶、咖啡或者可可这样的热饮会让在拔掉智齿留下的空槽处形成的血块脱落，而这些血块对愈合的过程很重要。^[17]
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/de\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-13-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-13-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/de\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-13-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-13-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 4 吃软的或液态食物。不要吃任何可能会卡在空牙槽或者破坏血块的食物。如果必须要咀嚼食物，就用其它牙齿来咀嚼。^[18] 这可以减少卡在牙里的食物含量以及潜在的感染可能。^[19]
   • 术后第一天可以吃酸奶和苹果酱之类的食物。这些食物不会刺激口腔，也不会卡在牙齿里引起感染。软燕麦片或者麦乳也是不错的选择。^[20]
   • 不要吃硬的、难嚼的、脆的、很烫或者很辣的食物，这些食物可能会刺激手术部位，或者卡在牙齿里引起感染。^[21]
   • 术后第一周，每顿饭后都要用温盐水漱口。^[22]
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/63\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-14.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-14.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/63\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-14.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-14.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 5 远离烟草。如果有吸烟或者嚼烟草的习惯，你就要尽可能长时间地避免接触它们。这样做有助于保证伤口全面及时地恢复，同时也能避免发生感染和炎症。^[23]
   • 口腔手术后吸烟会导致愈合延迟，还会增加感染等并发症的风险。^[24]
   • 如果你平时吸烟，那么至少要等手术72小时以后才能吸烟。^[25]
   • 如果你平时嚼烟草，那么术后至少一周都不要嚼。^[26]
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-15.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-15.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-15.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-15.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 6 开一些止痛药。拔除智齿后几天感到疼很正常，你可以用非处方或者处方止痛药来缓解疼痛和肿胀。
   • 服用非甾体抗炎药，比如布洛芬或者萘普生，这些有助于减轻手术导致的肿胀。你也可以用退热净，但它不能消炎。
   • 如果非处方止痛药对你不起作用，医生可能会给你开处方止痛药。
7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b3\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-16.jpg\/v4-460px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-16.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.zenmeban.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b3\/Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-16.jpg\/v4-728px-Clean-Your-Teeth-After-Wisdom-Teeth-Removal-Step-16.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"} 7 用冰袋消肿止痛。术后几天可能会肿胀，这是正常现象。在脸上敷冰有助于减轻包括牙齿周围的肿胀和疼痛。^[27]
   • 通常2－3天后就会消肿。^[28]
   • 患者要保持放松，避免剧烈运动，直到消肿。